Proceeding Economy of Asia International Conference
ECOSIA is an interdisciplinary publication of original research and writing on economy and business which publishes papers to international audiences of economy and business researchers. ECOSIA aims to provide a forum for scholarly understanding of the field of economy and business so can plays an important role in promoting the process that accumulated knowledge, values, and skills are transmitted from one generation to another; and to make methods and contents of evaluation and research in economy and business available to businessman, enterpreneurs, lectures, students, teachers, administrators and research workers. The journal encompasses a variety of topics, including Financial Accounting, Sharia Accounting, Information System Of Accounting, Tax, Audit, Accounting Management, Financial Management, Digital Marketing, Human Resource Management, Digital Business, Marketing Management, Enterpreneurship, Strategic Management, Banking And Financial Entitiy, Information System Of Management, Innovation Management, Tourism And Hospitality, Economic And Business, etc. Papers published in the journal: (1) report evaluation and research findings; (2) treat conceptual and methodological issues; and/or (3) consider the implications of the above for action; and/or (4) an extensive book reviews section and also occasional reports on economy and business materials.
Institut Tekonologi dan Binisi Asia Malang
ECOSIA is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- 4.0 International Public License (CC - BY).
The influence of workplace health facilities and compensation on employee job satisfaction at PT PLN Indonesia Power
Introduction/Main Objectives: This paper examines the influence of workplace health facilities and compensation on employee job satisfaction at PT PLN Indonesia Power Unit Bisnis Pembangkitan (UBP) Grati. Given the strategic role of state-owned energy enterprises in national infrastructure and the high tenure of its workforce, understanding how organizational provisions shape satisfaction is both theoretically relevant and practically significant. Background Problems: Despite PT PLN’s institutional importance, there is limited empirical evidence on how health facilities and compensation jointly affect job satisfaction among its employees; this study addresses the research question: How do workplace health facilities and compensation influence employee job satisfaction at PT PLN Indonesia Power UBP Grati? Novelty: This study is novel in its integrated quantitative analysis of both health facilities and compensation within a single Indonesian state-owned power unit, focusing on a predominantly long-tenured workforce—a demographic underrepresented in current HR literature in emerging economies. Research Methods: Using a census approach, primary data were collected from all 85 employees via a validated 30-item Likert-scale questionnaire (10 items each for health facilities, compensation, and job satisfaction). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression in Microsoft Excel, with instrument reliability confirmed by Cronbach’s Alpha (>0.78) and classical regression assumptions verified. Finding/Results: Both workplace health facilities (β = 0.325, p < 0.001) and compensation (β = 0.330, p < 0.001) significantly and positively affect job satisfaction, jointly explaining 71.9% of its variance. This indicates that fulfilling basic security needs through health services and ensuring perceived fairness in rewards are equally critical drivers of satisfaction in this context. Conclusion: The study concludes that PT PLN Indonesia Power can enhance employee satisfaction by maintaining comprehensive health benefits and improving transparency and equity in compensation—especially performance-linked and shift-based allowances. The findings offer actionable HR policy insights for capital-intensive public enterprises and contribute to job satisfaction literature in Southeast Asian state-owned sectors.
Copyright (c) 2025 Timbul Wahyudi, Ahmad Nizar Yogatama https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Live Streaming Shopping and Online Customer Reviews on N'Pure Skincare Purchase Decisions on Shopee
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study analyzes the influence of live streaming shopping and online customer reviews on purchasing decisions for N’Pure skincare products on Shopee, as the growing trends of live streaming and online reviews increasingly shape consumer behavior toward local skincare products. Background Problems: The problem examined in this study is the unstable purchasing decisions for N'Pure skincare products on Shopee. Therefore, the question is formulated: Do live streaming shopping (X₁) and online customer reviews (X₂) individually influence purchasing decisions (Y) for N'Pure skincare products on Shopee? Novelty: The novelty of this study is that, to date, there has been little research specifically examining the variables of live streaming shopping and online customer reviews on purchasing decisions for N'Pure skincare products on Shopee. Research Methods: This research was conducted using quantitative methods. Primary data was obtained by distributing a Likert-scale questionnaire (1–5) to 100 female respondents aged 19–23 who had watched live streaming shopping and purchased N'Pure skincare products on Shopee at least twice in the past six months. Incidental sampling was used as the sampling technique. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS version 26. Finding/Results: The results showed that live streaming shopping and online customer reviews had a positive and significant influence on purchasing decisions for N'Pure skincare products on Shopee. Conclusion: The implications of these findings suggest that increasing live streaming interactivity and managing informative customer reviews can strengthen trust and drive consumer purchasing decisions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ni Ketut Ariani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effectiveness of the Innovation of the Waste Segregation System (WSS) at the Student Centre at Polytechnic Melaka
Introduction/Main Objectives: Waste segregation plays a crucial role in supporting sustainability, particularly in busy environments like educational institutions, where waste is generated daily. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Waste Segregation System (WSS) developed for the Student Centre at Polytechnic Melaka. Background Problems: The need for efficient waste segregation in high-traffic areas, such as student centers, is critical. Common mistakes in waste separation often occur with traditional recycling bins, leading to contamination of recyclable materials. Research Methods: The WSS allows users to select the correct waste category by pressing a button, triggering an automatic rotation of the bin to the proper compartment. The system's performance was evaluated based on ease of use, improvement in segregation accuracy, and student response. Finding/Results: Initial observations indicate that students are more likely to separate waste properly when using the system. This leads to reduced contamination between wet and dry waste, making recyclable materials cleaner and easier to process. Conclusion: The WSS proves to be a practical and effective solution for improving recycling habits. It has the potential for wider adoption in institutions and public spaces aiming to enhance waste management and sustainability.
Copyright (c) 2025 Munirah Abdul Rahim, Suzana Wati Binti Adnan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Customer Engagement on Loyalty Through Trust and Brand Love for The Toyota Innova Brand in The Tegal City Area
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study investigates the influence of customer engagement on brand trust, brand love, and brand loyalty for the Toyota Innova brand, focusing on the mediating roles of brand trust and brand love. Background Problems: Understanding the factors that influence brand loyalty is crucial in the competitive automotive industry. Previous research has emphasized the importance of customer engagement, but its impact on brand trust, brand love, and loyalty remains unclear. Research Methods: The research uses a quantitative approach with data collected via an online questionnaire distributed to Toyota Innova consumers in Tegal City, Central Java, using purposive sampling. Data were gathered during November 1–30, 2025, and both primary and secondary data were used for analysis. Finding/Results: The results show that customer engagement significantly impacts brand trust but does not affect brand love. Brand trust enhances brand loyalty, while brand love does not significantly affect loyalty. Additionally, brand trust positively influences brand love, indicating that trust may be the foundation for emotional connection. Conclusion: Customer engagement indirectly influences brand loyalty through brand trust, while brand love does not serve as a significant mediator. This highlights the crucial role of trust in fostering loyalty in the automotive sector.
Copyright (c) 2025 Agus Riyadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Welfare Level, Work-Life Balance, And Employee Performance at The Coffee Shop In Malang City
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study aims to examine the influence of employee welfare level and work-life balance on employee performance amidst the rapid growth of the coffee shop business in Malang City. This topic is interesting because employee performance plays a vital role in developing companies’ competitive advantage. Background Problems: The phenomenon underlying this research is the increasing competition among coffee shop businesses in Malang City characterized by high growth rates and store closures. Novelty: The novelty of this study lies in its focus on the research variable, namely employee welfare level in coffee shop businesses in Malang City, which is often overlooked, despite its crucial role as employees serve as the face of the company. Research Methods: This study employed a causal associative method with a quantitative approach. Sampling was counted using Lemeshow formula and occupying puIDRosive sampling as the sampling technique. Based on these calsulation, 68 respondents were obtained to be research sample. Validity dan reliability test occupied to test the questionnaire, and t-test was used to test research hypotheses. Finding/Results: The t-test shows that the variables of welfare level and work-life balance both have a significant effect on employee performance. This indicates that the better the level of well-being and work-life balance perceived by employees, the higher the quality of their performance. Conclusion: The main conclusion of this study is that both welfare level and work-life balance are important and significant factors in improving employee performance. The positive impact of welfare level on performance indicates that organizational attention to compensation, health insurance, and the work environment will be reciprocated by employees with loyalty. Meanwhile, the significant findings from work-life balance implies that companies should pay attention to organizational support, time flexibility, and work-personal boundaries, as the right balance can increase employee focus, responsibility, and good mood.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yesaya Della Rossa, Lussia Mariesti Andriany https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Competence and Work Environment On Performance Mediated by Motivation Among Teachers At TK Mondial Batam
Introduction/Main Objectives: TK Mondial Batam is an international-standard kindergarten integrating national and international curricula through a trilingual approach while emphasizing character, creativity, and independence. Despite its strong reputation, the past three years show declining student enrollment and a shift in teacher performance from “very good” to “fair.” This study analyzes the influence of competence and the work environment on teacher performance, with motivation as a mediating variable. Background Problems: The study addresses declining enrollment and reduced teacher performance, leading to the question of how competence, work environment, and motivation affect teacher performance. Research Methods: A quantitative approach was used involving all 34 teachers through saturated sampling. Data were collected via an online questionnaire and analyzed using SMART PLS 4.0.6, incorporating validity, reliability, and model testing, supported by secondary data. Findings/Results: Results show that competence, work environment, and motivation each have positive and significant effects on teacher performance, and motivation significantly mediates the effects of competence and the work environment. Conclusion: The study concludes that improving competence, ensuring a supportive work environment, and strengthening motivation are essential to enhancing teacher performance and sustaining educational quality at TK Mondial Batam.sip
Copyright (c) 2025 Marta Br Manjorang, Theresia Pradiani, Widi Dewi Ruspitasari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Innovative Personality of Indonesia's Cross-Generational Population in the Adoption of Investment Application Innovations
Introduction/Main Objectives: The success of the diffusion of innovation is highly dependent on the speed of adoption by adopters. Adopters have individual innovative characteristics that determine the willingness to adopt new innovations. This study aims to analyze the differences in FFM across Generations X, Y, Z on the adoption of innovation mobile investment apps. Background Problems: The existence of digital consumers has led to consumer behaviour that relies on innovation and digital technology. Consumer innovativeness characteristics are related to consumption behaviour and adoption of innovations that are formed persistently and grow from childhood. Therefore, it is important to know the characteristics of innovation in Generation X, Y and Z in Indonesia. Research Methods: this research takes the form of survey research. The number of respondents was 88 people who installed investment mobile applications. The variable of this study is the Five Factor Model (FFM) which is one of the instruments measuring the characteristics of consumer innovation. There are 5 characteristic factors: Open to Experience (OE), Extraversion (EXT), conscientiousness (CSC), Agreeableness (AGR), and Neuroticism (NEU). The Data were analysed using ANOVA. Finding/Results: the results showed that there are differences in the components of the Five-factors of Personality, namely OE, CSC, AGR in Gen Y and Z; where Gen Y has a greater mean value. There is also a difference in OE between Gen X and Y, where Gen Y has a greater mean. There is a difference in NEU between Gen X and Z, where Gen Z has a greater mean. Conclusion:GenerationYis the most persistent generation and showsthe characteristics of FFM.This researchis usefulfor marketers in implementing communication strategies based on consumer personality and to seethe map of intergenerational consumer innovativenessin Indonesia becausetheyare the determinantsof the success of innovation diffusion.
Copyright (c) 2025 Anna Triwijayati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Moderating Role of Dividend Policy on Idiosyncratic Risk, Governance, And Firm Value Relationship
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study explores the influence of idiosyncratic risk and corporate governance on firm value, while examining whether dividend policy moderates these relationships within the context of Indonesian publicly listed companies. This research specifically addresses the question of whether idiosyncratic risk, governance structures, and dividend policy jointly explain variations in firm value among firms listed in the Kompas 100 Index. Background Problems: The topic is relevant due to ongoing inconsistencies in the literature regarding how internal firm-specific risks and governance mechanisms contribute to market valuation, particularly in emerging markets where investor behavior and institutional environments differ significantly from those of developed economies. Research Methods: The study adopts a quantitative approach using panel data regression, drawing on secondary data from 44 companies that consistently appeared in the Kompas 100 Index during the 2020–2024 period. Firm value was measured using both the Price-to-Book Value (PBV) ratio and Tobin’s Q to capture different dimensions of market valuation. Idiosyncratic risk was calculated using firm-specific return variations, while governance variables included board size, board of commissioners, and the proportion of independent commissioners. Dividend policy was operationalized using a dummy variable indicating dividend distribution. Statistical analyses were conducted using Random Effect Models, selected Finding/Results: The empirical results reveal that idiosyncratic risk has a positive and significant effect on firm value when measured by Tobin’s Q, suggesting that investors may perceive firm-specific risk as a signal of growth potential or strategic differentiation. However, idiosyncratic risk does not significantly affect PBV. Corporate governance variables, meanwhile, show no significant effect on firm value under either valuation metric. Furthermore, dividend policy does not moderate the relationship between risk, governance, and firm value. Conclusion: The study concludes that firm-specific risk plays a more influential role in shaping market expectations than conventional governance indicators in the Indonesian capital market. These findings imply that investors may prioritize risk–return considerations over governance structures, highlighting the need for broader governance measures and contextual analyses in future research.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rino Tam Cahyadi, Tarsisius Renald Suganda, Blasius Leonardo Woersok https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Leading Sustainable Digital Transformation
Introduction/Main Objectives: Sustainable digital transformation is increasingly becoming a strategic agenda for public and private organizations to increase competitiveness while achieving sustainability targets. This study aims to explore the role of digital leadership in guiding transformation that is innovative, responsible, and aligned with sustainability principles. Background Problems: The increasing global demand for a digital economy and a green economy requires organizations to integrate technology while considering social and environmental impacts. However, many organizations still focus on technology adoption without developing the adaptive and collaborative culture necessary for sustainable transformation. Furthermore, the suboptimal innovation ecosystem involving government, industry, and society is a barrier to maximizing the benefits of digital transformation for sustainable development. Research Methods: This study uses a conceptual analysis approach to examine how digital leaders guide sustainable transformation through strategic vision, talent management, technology utilization, and the integration of sustainability principles into the organization's business model. Finding/Results: : The study shows that effective digital leadership emphasizes not only the adoption of technologies such as artificial intelligence, data analytics, and automation, but also building an organizational culture that is adaptive, collaborative, and sensitive to environmental impacts. Digital leaders play a crucial role in creating a cross-stakeholder innovation ecosystem that connects digital economy goals—efficiency, scalability, and technology-based added value—with green economy goals such as emissions reduction, energy efficiency, and a circular economy. Conclusion: This study emphasizes that digital transformation strategies must be designed comprehensively, considering environmental, social, and governance (ESG) dimensions. Digital leadership serves as a catalyst capable of navigating the complexities of technology and sustainability, and plays a role in guiding organizations toward a green, inclusive, and sustainable digital economy. This study provides both conceptual contributions and practical implications for organizations transitioning to sustainability-based business models.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fania Ashalia, Rahadika, Nadya Maharani Widyawati, Pieter Sahertian https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Assessing the Impact of ESG Performance on Financial Distress: Evidence from the Indonesian Capital Market
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study examines the relationship between environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance and financial distress in the Indonesian capital market. ESG has gained prominence following increased regulatory attention to sustainability disclosures, making it essential to understand its role in supporting firm stability in emerging markets. Background Problems: The study addresses the question of whether higher ESG performance reduces financial distress among Indonesian listed firms. Research Methods: The analysis uses panel data of listed companies from 2020 to 2023 and employs a linear regression framework to evaluate the effect of ESG scores and their individual pillars on financial distress, measured by the Altman Z-score. Finding/Results: The results show that higher ESG performance is associated with lower financial distress, with the governance pillar exerting the strongest influence in reducing firm-level risk. Conclusion: The study concludes that ESG engagement contributes positively to firm stability in Indonesia. These findings highlight the importance of strengthening governance-driven sustainability practices for managers and regulators seeking to enhance financial resilience in emerging markets.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tarsisius Renald Suganda, Rino Tam Cahyadi, Daniel Sugama Stephanus, Kayshia Averena Raharjo, Allen Brian Prayugo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Perspective of Youth Financial Literacy, Education and Profession on Recruitment
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study examines the perspectives of human resource managers on young job candidates who possess financial literacy and engage in content creation as a side profession. The research aims to understand how these non-traditional qualifications influence recruitment decisions in the evolving digital economy, where youth are increasingly developing diverse skill sets beyond their formal education. Background Problems: The emergence of young candidates with financial literacy and content creation experience presents a challenge to traditional recruitment paradigms that primarily value academic credentials and linear career paths. This study addresses the research problem of how HR managers evaluate and weigh these non-traditional qualifications against conventional criteria, particularly in the Indonesian context where digital literacy and financial awareness among youth have significantly improved in recent years. Novelty: This research provides novel insights by specifically focusing on the recruiter's perspective regarding candidates with dual competencies - traditional education combined with financial literacy and digital content creation skills. The study breaks new ground by examining how these multifaceted qualifications are perceived in the recruitment process, offering valuable insights for both job seekers and educational institutions in adapting to changing market demands. Research Methods: The study employed a qualitative phenomenological approach, conducting in-depth interviews with five participants comprising two HR managers from manufacturing and technology sectors and three job seekers with active content creation backgrounds in Malang. Data collection utilized semi-structured interviews and document analysis, with thematic analysis applied to identify key patterns and insights regarding recruitment perspectives and criteria. Finding/Results: The findings reveal that HR managers perceive financial literacy as an indicator of analytical thinking and responsibility, while content creation experience demonstrates creativity and digital proficiency. However, these non-traditional qualifications remain supplementary to core job competencies. Technology sectors show greater appreciation for these skills compared to traditional industries, though concerns about divided attention and professional image persist among recruiters. Conclusion: The study concludes that while financial literacy and content creation experience enhance youth employability, they serve as complementary assets rather than primary qualifications. Job seekers should strategically present these skills while maintaining strong core competencies. The research implications suggest the need for educational institutions to integrate financial literacy and digital skills development while helping students balance traditional and modern career preparation approaches.
Copyright (c) 2026 Renaldy Siswo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Service Quality and Facilities on Parents Interest in Enrolling Their Children at Sumbakeling Public Elementary School Kuningan Regency With Word of Mouth as an Intervening Variable
Introduction/Main Objectives: Education plays a crucial role in improving human resources quality by developing individuals' knowledge, skills, values and attitudes. The government is currently focusing on enhancing quality, ensuring equity, digitalizing learning and revitalizing school facilities. Background Problems: Sumbakeling Public Elementary School in Kuningan Regency is a focal point of both central and regional educational policies. A phenomenon has emerged in which parents’ interest in enrolling their children has declined due to perceptions of inadequate school services and facilities. Aspects such as teacher services, administration, classroom facilities, library and the overall environment are still considered suboptimal. Research Methods: The research data were analyzed using SEM-PLS with Smart PLS 4.0 software. The population in this study consists of all parents of students at Sumbakeling Public Elementary School in Kuningan Regency whose children are registered as active students until October 2025, totaling 86 parents. The sampling technique used in this study was Purposive Sampling where the sample was selected based on specific considerations from the researcher that were most relevant or met the criteria namely 42 parents out of the 86 students. Finding/Results: Results indicate that service quality and facilities each have a positive and significant effect on word of mouth and parents’ interest. Word of mouth also positively and significantly influences parents’ interest. Furthermore, both service quality and facilities significantly affect parents’ interest through the mediating role of word of mouth.. Conclusion: All variables in the research model have a positive and significant influence on each other. Efforts to improve services, facilities and the positive experiences of parents should be carried out continuously to increase parents' interest in enrolling their children in school.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rizky Aditya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Designing A Circular Value Chain Model for Plastic Waste Upcycling
Introduction/Main Objectives: This research aims to design a circular value chain model that enhances the economic and sustainability potential of plastic waste upcycled into handicrafts. Background Problems: Plastic waste remains a critical environmental issue in Indonesia, and community waste management units such as TPS 3R Basama often face challenges in converting collected materials into valuable products. Research Methods: A mixed-method approach integrates field observations, stakeholder interviews (collectors, managers, and processors), cost and feasibility analysis. Circular Economy principles and value chain frameworks guide the workflow mapping, value-added estimation, and assessment of environmental benefits. Finding/Results: The study shows that implementing a circular value chain model at TPS 3R Basama increases the economic value of plastic waste by up to 12 times while reducing potential landfill residues by 720 kg per year. Conclusion: The circular value chain model is financially and environmentally feasible to enhance TPS 3R productivity as a sustainable circular economy unit.
Copyright (c) 2026 Diana Nurindrasari, IndraLukmana Putra, Hendi Suryo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Dominant Role of After-Sales Service Quality in Driving Purchase Satisfaction for Industrial Investment Products
Introduction/Main Objectives: This research examines the influence of Instagram Content, Price, and Service Quality on Purchase Satisfaction of the generator at PT. Suryaindo Makmur Teknik (Simtek Power). This topic is important because it analyzes the relative contribution of digital marketing elements versus traditional factors (Price and Service) in the context of investment product (B2B) decision-making. Background Problems: In the context of industrial products, there is ambiguity regarding the most dominant predictors of Purchase Satisfaction. This study aims to answer the question: To what extent do Instagram Content, Price, and Service significantly affect Simtek Power's customer Purchase Satisfaction? This quantitative research :P research uses a causal-comparative design. Data was collected through an online questionnaire from 118 Simtek Power customers using purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to test measurement models and structural models. Finding/Results: Empirical results show that Services (ß= 0.583; p = 0.000$) have a positive and significant effect on Purchase Satisfaction, making it the most dominant predictor. In contrast, Instagram Content and Price have no significant influence on Satisfaction. These findings indicate that the Purchase Satisfaction of investment products is dominated by the after-sales experience and reliability of the Service, not the pre-purchase aspect (digital or cost). Conclusion: The conclusion of this study confirms that in the purchase of investment products, Service Quality is a key and strategic factor that determines customer satisfaction. The implications of the study suggest Simtek Power to prioritize resource allocation on improving after-sales support and adapt digital content strategies to support a narrative of service excellence, rather than competing through price.
Copyright (c) 2025 Grishella Nanlohy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Introduction/Main Objectives: This paper provides a theoretical review exploring the effect of social media sentiment on corporate legitimacy and financial performance, integrating knowledge from CSR communication, digital reputation, and market response literature. This topic is critical as digital platforms now dominate reputation management. Background Problems: Although social media heavily influences CSR and reputation, the mechanism by which positive and negative social sentiment affects a firm’s legitimacy and financial success remains poorly understood. This study addresses the central question: How do legitimacy processes, governed by digital stakeholder sentiment, operate within the corporate system? Research Methods: The research employs a narrative and thematic review of 100 peer-reviewed articles indexed in Scopus over the past ten years. This evidence is framed by Stakeholder Theory and Legitimacy Theory and grounded in empirical studies utilizing sentiment analysis, topic modelling, and machine-learning-based text analytics on social media data. Finding/Results: The review demonstrates that positive CSR/sustainability sentiment significantly enables corporate legitimacy, stakeholder trust, and financial indicators (stock prices/sales). Conversely, negative sentiment (particularly during crises) accelerates legitimacy loss and drops in valuation, an effect often moderated by established corporate reputation and industry context. Conclusion: We conclude that real-time sentiment observance is crucial for effective CSR communication strategies, ensuring their contribution to corporate legitimacy and financial performance in the digital age. Future research should combine multimodal data and influencer dynamics to build predictive models of legitimacy crises.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yuni Kusuma Arumsari Kusuma, Oddi Soekarno Putra Soekarno, Nekad Samudra Abo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Digital Marketing and Brand Image with Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) as Mediation Variables on Decisions Purchase of Adidas Evo SL Products
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study aims to analyze the role of Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) as a mediating variable linking digital marketing and brand image to purchase decisions. The objective is to understand how external marketing stimuli and internal psychological factors jointly shape consumer decision-making behavior. Background Problems: The study addresses the question of whether digital marketing and brand image directly influence purchase decisions, and to what extent FoMO mediates these relationships in the context of running community members. Research Methods: A quantitative approach was applied, using a sample of 180 respondents drawn from a running community associated with the product. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS. Findings/Results: The findings show that digital marketing and brand image do not have a significant direct effect on purchase decisions. FoMO, as an internal psychological factor, has a positive and significant direct effect and fully mediates the relationship between both external variables and purchase decisions. Conclusion: The study concludes that FoMO functions as a full mediator, highlighting the dominant role of psychological drivers over external marketing stimuli in influencing purchase decisions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Fahmi Shifta Rahmawan, Ifa Dwi Lutfiana, Jamal Abdul Nasir Nasir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Social Media Marketing on Marketing Performance Mediated by Product Innovation and Ease of Use
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study examines how social media marketing influences marketing performance among tempe chips snack entrepreneurs in Sanan, Malang, who utilize WhatsApp, with product innovation and ease of use as mediating variables. In the digital era, social media has transformed MSME marketing from conventional face to face to efficient screen to face interactions, enabling wider market reach with minimal costs. Background Problems: Despite social media's popularity, limited research explores its mediated effects on MSME marketing performance through product innovation and ease of use what specific relationships exist between these variables among WhatsApp using tempe chips entrepreneurs? Research Methods: Quantitative approach using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) Partial Least Squares (PLS) with SmartPLS 4.0. Data collected via Likert scale questionnaires from 70 respondents out of 400 population (17.5% sample per Arikunto, 2019), comprising primary (surveys) and secondary data (literature). Outer/inner model tests assessed validity, reliability, and hypotheses. Finding/Results: Social Media Marketing significantly affects product innovation (T=61.112, p=0.000), ease of use (T=40.576, p=0.000), and marketing performance (T=2.695, p=0.007). Product innovation positively impacts marketing performance (T=3.335, p=0.001) and mediates the relationship (T=3.314, p=0.001), while ease of use shows no significant effect (T=0.521, p=0.602) or mediation. All R²>0.87 (high explanatory power); Q²>0.87 (high predictive relevance). Conclusion: Social Media Marketing boosts MSME marketing performance primarily through product innovation, not ease of use. Entrepreneurs should integrate WhatsApp strategies with continuous innovation for sustained competitiveness; future research could expand samples and variables.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fitria Musyarofah Fitria Musyarofah, Muhammad Ilzam Nadzif Fuadi, Ernani Hadiyati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Organizational Culture in Enhancing the Effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence–Based Digital Transformation
Introduction/Main Objectives: The paper examines how organizational culture enhances the effectiveness of artificial intelligence (AI)–based digital transformation. Background Problems: This paper examines why organizations that invest in AI and digital technologies often fail to achieve expected performance gains due to unsupportive cultures, and asks how specific organizational culture types can enhance the effectiveness of AI-based digital transformation. Research Methods: This study uses a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) based on the PRISMA framework to examine how organizational culture influences the effectiveness of AI-based digital transformation. From an initial 612 Scopus-indexed articles identified using relevant keywords, 11 studies that met predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected for final analysis and thematic synthesis. Finding/Results: The review finds that supportive, innovation-oriented organizational cultures enable AI-based digital transformation to improve performance, while rigid and fear-based cultures hinder AI adoption and limit its benefits. Conclusion: This systematic literature review concludes that organizational culture plays a pivotal role in enhancing the effectiveness of artificial intelligence (AI)–based digital transformation by shaping digital transforming capabilities, AI adoption, and the translation of technological investments into innovation, productivity, and performance outcomes
Copyright (c) 2025 Yosart Adi Suyoso, Lely Wijayanti, Ifan Setia Fauzi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Good Cooperative Governance and Cooperative Management on Cooperative Performance Through Work Motivation of Women's Cooperatives in East Java
Introduction/Main Objectives: This research aims to develop a model to assess how cooperative management and effective cooperative governance affect cooperative performance in Indonesia through employee motivation. Background Problems: The study’s findings indicate that women’s cooperatives in East Java have been actively organized through effective cooperative governance and administration. Research Methods: Utilizing a quantitative causal research design, the methodology describes the cause-and-effect relationship (comparative), presents a research hypothesis validated by statistical methods, and explains each variable under investigation (exploratory research). Finding/Results: Member motivation, influenced by both extrinsic and intrinsic factors, also affects cooperative performance—the impact of collaborative management and good cooperative governance practices on women’s cooperatives in East Java. Conclusion: This research shows that good cooperative governance is an important consideration when improving cooperative performance.
Copyright (c) 2025 Savitri Savitri, Lely Wijayanti, Ifan Setia Fauzi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Creative Economy Shocks and Tourism Dynamics
Introduction/Main Objectives: This article introduces the use of Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) as a sophisticated macroeconomic approach to analyze the impact of shocks on the relationship between tourism and the creative economy. Background Problems: Tourism and the creative economy are two interrelated sectors that have a strategic role in supporting sustainable development. The relationship between the two is often difficult to explain with conventional approaches such as panel regression and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), because these methods tend to be static and are less able to capture the dynamics of global shocks. Research Methods: The DSGE model was built using secondary data from UNWTO, the World Bank, and the IMF, and includes four main agencies: households, governments, the tourism sector, and the creative sector. Finding/Results: The estimated results show that the digitalization shock has a significant positive impact by increasing creative output, tourism consumption, and creative GDP contribution in the short and long term. In contrast, the pandemic shock caused a major contraction in tourist arrivals and tourism output, although a gradual recovery occurred over several periods. Conclusion: The findings of this study have practical implications for policymakers, particularly in designing creativity-based recovery strategies, strengthening creative ecosystems, and encouraging sustainable tourism growth in the digital and post-pandemic era.
Copyright (c) 2025 Savitri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Social Media Content on The Interest of Gen Z Tourists to Visit Coban Lanang
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study examines the influence of social media marketing content on Generation Z tourists’ interest in visiting the Coban Lanang waterfall tourist destination in Batu City, East Java. Social media platforms, particularly Instagram and TikTok, are the primary sources of tourism information for Generation Z, making content quality a critical factor in shaping visit interest. Background Problems: Although Batu City has strong potential for natural tourism and supporting facilities, promotion through social media faces constraints due to limited human resources in digital content marketing. This condition raises questions about the effectiveness of existing social media content in attracting Generation Z tourists. Research Methods: A quantitative approach was employed using a saturated sampling technique. Data were collected through online questionnaires distributed to 50 visitors aged 18–26 who are active social media users and have been exposed to Coban Lanang-related content. Findings/Results:The results indicate that visual and informative social media content has a significant influence on increasing Generation Z tourists’ interest in visiting the destination. Conclusion: The study concludes that optimizing social media content quality is essential for local tourism managers to enhance Generation Z visit interest through effective digital marketing strategies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fikhri Humam Dhia, Teguh Widodo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Product Quality and Price Perception on Purchasing Decisions for ELIF
Introduction/Main Objectives: Bottled drinking water is a high-consumption daily necessity in Indonesia, reflected in strong household mineral water demand. As a new entrant in the AMDK market, the ELIF brand faces considerable challenges in developing consumer interest and driving purchase decisions. Background Problems: to examine the influence of product quality and price perception on the purchase decision of ELIF bottled water, with purchase interest as a mediating factor, in a case study involving consumers at Rajawali Store, South Jakarta. Novelty: The ELIF brand is worth studying as an emerging local bottled drinking water (AMDK) brand gaining public recognition despite the market dominance of leading brands such as AQUA, LE MINERALE, and CLEO. ELIF applies a differentiation strategy through competitive pricing and a strong commitment to hygienic and safe water quality. Research Methods: This study employed a quantitative approach with purposive, non-probability sampling. The sample size was determined using the Lemeshow formula, resulting in 100 voluntary respondents. Participants were bottled water consumers encountered by the researcher at Rajawali Store and invited to complete a Google Form questionnaire via a shared link. Data were analyzed using SmartPLS 4. Finding/Results: (1) product quality did not affect the purchase interest (2), Price perception has a positive and significant effect on the purchase intention, (3) Product quality has a positive and significant effect on the purchase decision (4) Price perception has a positive and significant effect on the purchase decision, (5) Purchase interest has a positive and significant effect on the purchase decision (6) Product quality does not affect the purchase decision through the purchase interest, (7) Price perception has a positive and significant effect on the purchase decision through the purchase interest. Conclusion: Product quality has no effect on purchase interest. Price perception positively and significantly affects both purchase interest and purchase decision. Product quality and price perception also influence purchase decision directly. Purchase interest significantly influences purchase decision. There is no mediation for product quality, but price perception shows positive mediation through purchase interest.
Copyright (c) 2025 Florentina Triworo Haryuni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Product Quality, Brand Image, and Price Perception on the Decision to Purchase Products from PT Toa Coating Indonesia
Introduction/Main Objectives : The paper examines the influence of product quality, brand image, and price perception on consumer purchasing decisions in Indonesia’s paint industry motivated by the growing competition among paint distributors and the increasing importance of brand reputation in shaping consumer preferences Background Problems : Do product quality, brand image, and price perception significantly influence purchasing decisions among consumers in Indonesia’s paint market? Novelty : The novelty of this paper lies in its integrated examination of both tangible (product quality and price) and intangible (brand image) factors within the paint industry context, an area that has received limited empirical attention in Indonesian research Research Methods : This research adopts a quantitative approach using survey data collected from 102 respondents who have purchased paint products from various end users. The data were analyzed using correlation and multiple regression tests through SPSS to assess the relationships and significance levels among variables. Finding/Results : There is a significant relationship between brand image, price perception, and purchasing decisions of consumers. This finding indicates that a positive brand image and a well-perceived price can strongly influence consumers’ willingness to make a purchase. Conclusion: The findings of this research provide valuable insights for companies aiming to increase their sales performance and market competitiveness. Businesses can use these results to strengthen their marketing strategies by focusing on building a consistent brand image and adjusting price perceptions to meet consumer expectations.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mey Syumi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Purchase Decisions Influenced by the Role of Product Innovation and Social Media Through Trust in Coolvita Gummy Health Supplements (A Case Study on TikTok Sales)
Introduction/Main Objectives: Competition in the health supplement industry has intensified in the digital era, encouraging brands such as Coolvita Gummy to rely on product innovation and social media marketing. This study aims to analyze the effects of innovation and social media on purchase decisions, with trust examined as a mediating variable. Background Problems: The study addresses the issue of how innovation and social media marketing influence consumer purchase decisions in a highly competitive digital market, and whether trust plays a mediating role in these relationships. Research Methods: A quantitative approach was applied using non-probability sampling with a purposive sampling technique. The respondents consisted of 100 Coolvita Gummy consumers in Indonesia. Data were collected using the PopSurvey by Populix application and analyzed with SmartPLS 3.2.9 through validity, reliability, and outer and inner model testing. Findings/Results: The results indicate that innovation and social media have positive and significant effects on trust. Innovation and trust positively and significantly affect purchase decisions, while social media does not directly affect purchase decisions. Trust significantly mediates the effects of both innovation and social media on purchase decisions. Conclusion: The study concludes that consumer trust is a crucial factor that strengthens the influence of innovation and social media on purchase decisions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Narendra Vishnu Nugraha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Impact of Corporate Culture Transformation on Operational Performance with Digital Capabilities as a Mediator (A Study on PT PLN UID East Java)
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study explores the relationship between corporate culture transformation and operational performance at PT PLN (Persero) East Java Distribution Unit (UID), with a focus on the mediating role of digital capabilities. The main objective of this research is to understand how a transformation in organizational culture can drive improvements in performance through enhanced digital capabilities. Background Problems: PT PLN (Persero), a key player in Indonesia's electricity sector, faces significant challenges in adapting to the rapidly evolving digital landscape. The company has initiated a corporate culture transformation to foster innovation, collaboration, and adaptability, which are essential for effective digital integration. However, the impact of this transformation on operational performance, particularly through the development of digital capabilities, remains underexplored. Research Methods: This study adopts a quantitative research approach using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) to test the relationships between corporate culture transformation, digital capabilities, and operational performance. A survey was administered to 160 employees at PT PLN UID East Java, with data analyzed to evaluate both direct and indirect effects of the variables involved. Finding/Results: The findings reveal that corporate culture transformation has a significant positive impact on both digital capabilities and operational performance. Additionally, digital capabilities were found to mediate the relationship between culture transformation and operational performance, underscoring the importance of aligning organizational culture with technological innovation. The path analysis results demonstrate that digital capabilities play a crucial role in enhancing the effects of cultural changes on operational outcomes. Conclusion: The study concludes that for PT PLN and similar organizations, transforming corporate culture is essential for successfully leveraging digital technologies. The integration of strong digital capabilities, supported by an adaptive and innovative organizational culture, significantly improves operational performance. These findings provide valuable insights for organizations seeking to navigate digital transformation and enhance efficiency through cultural and technological alignment.
Copyright (c) 2025 Radea Cakrawala Nusantara, Endang Suswati, Navimuda Priyatna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Word of Mouth and Product Quality on Customer Satisfaction Through Purchase Decisions of Milih Roti in Kebobang Village
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study examines the influence of Word of Mouth (WOM) and product quality on customer satisfaction through purchase decisions among MilihRoti consumers in Kebobang Village, Malang Regency. The objective is to analyze both direct and indirect relationships among these variables within the context of a local food MSME. Background Problems: Customer satisfaction in local food businesses is strongly influenced by interpersonal recommendations and perceived product quality. However, the role of purchase decisions as an intervening variable linking WOM and product quality to satisfaction requires further empirical examination. Research Methods: A quantitative research design was employed. Data were collected from 90 respondents who had purchased MilihRoti products. The analysis was conducted using SPSS 26.0, including validity and reliability testing, classical assumption tests, multiple regression analysis, and mediation testing. Findings/Results: The findings show that WOM and product quality have positive and significant effects on purchase decisions and customer satisfaction. Purchase decisions partially mediate the relationship between WOM and customer satisfaction, as well as between product quality and customer satisfaction. Conclusion: The study concludes that strengthening positive WOM and maintaining consistent product quality are essential for improving purchase decisions and customer satisfaction, thereby supporting the sustainability of MilihRoti as a local MSME.
Copyright (c) 2025 Suci Lestari, Fathorrahman, Murtianingsih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of The Influence of Social Media Promotion, Price and Service Quality on The Decision to Use Uvers Studio Services In Batam
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study analyzes the effect of social media promotion, price, and service quality on customers’ decisions to use Uvers Studio, a premium photography and videography service in Batam City, Riau Islands Province, Indonesia. The topic is important because creative service providers increasingly rely on digital platforms and value-based pricing strategies to attract clients in a highly competitive event and documentation market. Understanding which factors actually drive the decision to hire a studio is crucial for designing effective marketing and service strategies in the creative industries. Background Problems: The research problem focuses on how social media promotion, price, and service quality influence the decision to use services, both individually and jointly. Previous studies show inconsistent findings regarding which variable is most influential in shaping customer decisions in service contexts. This study seeks to determine whether social media promotion, price, and service quality significantly affect the decision to use Uvers Studio’s services and to what extent these variables contribute to explaining variations in customer decisions in a premium creative service setting. Research Methods: A quantitative causal-associative approach was employed by distributing structured questionnaires to 85 respondents who had used Uvers Studio’s services. The sampling technique was non-probability sampling. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26, including validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, and multiple linear regression analysis. The variables examined were social media promotion (X1), price (X2), service quality (X3), and the decision to use services (Y). Finding/Results: The results show that, partially, price has a positive and significant effect on the decision to use Uvers Studio’s services, while social media promotion and service quality do not have significant partial effects. In contrast, social media promotion, price, and service quality simultaneously have a significant effect on the decision to use services, and the coefficient of determination indicates that these three variables jointly explain a substantial portion of the variance in customer decisions. These findings highlight that, in the case of Uvers Studio, customers’ service-use decisions are primarily driven by perceived value for money, whereas social media promotion and service quality play supporting roles that strengthen the decision when aligned with an appropriate pricing strategy. Conclusion: The study concludes that, within a premium creative service context, price is the dominant factor that directly shapes customers’ decisions to use Uvers Studio’s services, while social media promotion and service quality contribute more indirectly through their combined effect in the overall decision-making model. Strengthening value-based pricing and ensuring that promotional messages and service delivery consistently reflect the promised value are therefore essential for increasing customers’ propensity to choose Uvers Studio.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sulianto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Sustainable Economic Innovation in MSMEs through the Integration of Digital Technology and Environmentally Friendly Business Practices in Indonesia
Introduction/Main Objectives: This article examines how sustainable economic innovation in Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) can be achieved through the integration of digital technologies and environmentally friendly business practices. This topic is essential as MSMEs face increasing pressure to transition toward green economies and adapt to rapid global digital transformation. Background Problems: The primary issue addressed is how MSMEs can enhance competitiveness and sustainability through the synergy of digitalization and green practices, leading to the research question: "How can the integration of digital technologies and environmentally friendly practices drive sustainable economic innovation in Indonesian MSMEs?" Research Methods: A qualitative library research method was employed by reviewing scientific articles, institutional reports, government regulations, and relevant literature published between 2015 and 2024. Thematic synthesis was used to identify conceptual linkages between digitalization, environmental practices, and MSME sustainability. Findings/Results: The study finds that digital technologies—including e-commerce, digital payments, cloud computing, IoT, and data analytics enhance operational efficiency and market reach. When combined with green practices such as energy efficiency, waste reduction, and sustainable material use, MSMEs achieve higher productivity, resilience, and long-term competitiveness. Conclusion: The integration of digitalization and green business practices represents a crucial strategy for advancing sustainable economic innovation in MSMEs. The findings imply the need for pentahelix collaboration and supportive policy frameworks to accelerate MSME transformation toward low-carbon, adaptive, and inclusive business models.
Copyright (c) 2025 Viandi, Minarni Minarni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
From Digital Literacy to Augmented Reality
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study aims to analyze the influence of digital literacy, e-commerce, and augmented reality (AR) on the decision to purchase beauty products through e-commerce in Malang City. Background Problems: Despite the rapid growth of e-commerce and the integration of AR technology in the beauty industry, consumer purchasing decisions are still influenced by challenges such as limited digital literacy, inability to physically try products, and uncertainty about AR’s effectiveness. In Indonesia, particularly in Malang City, these dynamics remain underexplored, creating a need to analyze how digital literacy, e-commerce, and AR collectively shape consumer behavior in beauty product purchases. Research Methods: Using the multiple linear regression method, this study involved the Generation Z population as the main respondents, who were selected through purposive sampling techniques based on the criteria of online shopping experience and the use of digital technology. Finding/Results: The results of the analysis show that digital literacy has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, where consumers' ability to access and evaluate digital information increases confidence and shopping efficiency. In contrast, e-commerce shows a negative but significant influence, caused by obstacles such as slow internet access, fake products, and poor service experience. Meanwhile, AR provides the most powerful and positive influence, with features such as Virtual Try-On that increase consumer interactivity and confidence. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study emphasizes the importance of increasing digital literacy and optimizing AR to encourage purchases, as well as improving the quality of e-commerce to overcome structural barriers.
I Gusti Ngurah Agung Arya Bhakta Narayana
Copyright (c) 2025 Uki Yonda Asepta, Veronica Pratama, Teofilus Karnalim, I Gusti Ngurah Agung Arya Bhakta Narayana, Felik Sad Windu Wisnu Broto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Unique Selling Proposition, Tuition Fees and Service Quality on Parents’ Decision to Choose a School
Introduction/Main Objectives: Parents’ decisions in selecting a school are influenced by various factors, including the unique selling proposition (USP), tuition fees, and service quality. This study aims to examine the influence of these three factors on parents’ decisions to choose SD An Namiroh Pekanbaru. Background Problems: In an increasingly competitive education sector, schools must understand which factors most strongly affect parents’ school choice decisions. This study focuses on determining whether USP, tuition fees, and service quality significantly influence parents’ decisions. Research Methods: A quantitative approach was employed with 70 respondents selected using the Slovin formula. Data were collected through a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using multiple linear regression techniques. Findings/Results: The results indicate that USP and service quality have a positive and significant effect on parents’ decisions to choose the school, while tuition fees do not have a significant effect. The coefficient of determination (R Square) of 0.590 shows that 59% of the variation in parents’ decisions is explained by the three independent variables. Conclusion: The study concludes that USP and service quality are the dominant factors influencing parents’ school choice decisions, whereas tuition fees are not a primary consideration.
Copyright (c) 2025 Iskandar Iskandar, Ike Kudyah Rachmawati, Yunus Handoko https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effect of School Culture and Non-Physical Work Environment on Teacher Performance Through Motivation
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study examines how school culture and the non-physical work environment influence teacher performance, with motivation serving as an intervening variable. The objective is to understand the mechanism through which these organizational factors shape teacher outcomes. Background Problems: The study addresses the question of how school culture, non-physical work environment, and motivation contribute to variations in teacher performance. Research Methods: A quantitative approach was employed involving 49 teachers from SD An Namiroh 3 Pekanbaru. Path analysis using SmartPLS was conducted to evaluate the relationships among variables, supported by tests of significance and model explanatory power. Findings/Results: The results show that school culture significantly affects motivation (t = 2.397; p = 0.017), as does the non-physical work environment (t = 2.109; p = 0.035). School culture does not directly influence performance (t = 1.852; p > 0.05), while the non-physical work environment demonstrates the strongest direct effect (t = 5.605; p < 0.001). Motivation does not directly impact performance but mediates the effect of the non-physical work environment. The model explains 72.3% of the variance in performance (R² = 0.723). Conclusion: The study concludes that strengthening the non-physical work environment and enhancing motivation are critical for improving teacher performance.
Copyright (c) 2025 junaidi junaidi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence Of Organizational Culture On Generation Z Job Satisfaction At BRI Branch Letjen Sutoyo Malang
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study examines how organizational culture influences the job satisfaction of Generation Z employees at BRI Branch Letjen Sutoyo Malang, a demographic group that increasingly dominates the workforce and values open communication, supportive environments, and meaningful work. Background Problems: Generation Z often experiences a mismatch between their expectations and the banking sector’s disciplined, hierarchical culture; therefore, this study asks: How does organizational culture shape Gen Z job satisfaction within BRI’s work environment? Research Methods: Data were collected through in-depth interviews and observations with three Generation Z employees who have worked for at least one year. The data were analyzed through thematic reduction, categorization, and triangulation to ensure validity. Finding/Results: The findings show that disciplined work culture, supportive leaders and seniors, effective onboarding, and positive peer relationships significantly enhance job satisfaction. Praise from customers and clear career prospects further strengthen Gen Z’s motivation and commitment. Conclusion: A supportive and well-structured organizational culture increases job satisfaction and encourages long-term retention among Generation Z employees. Strengthening onboarding, mentoring, and two-way communication is essential for sustaining a positive employee experience in the banking sector.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ryan Alvarizky Prasetya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Integrating BioEnergi : Living Lab Renewable Energy TPST 3R Mulyoagung Sejahtera
Introduction/Main Objectives: Integration of renewable energy systems based on biomass and biogas in the BioEnergi Living Lab project at TPST 3R Mulyoagung Bersatu. The primary aim is to develop an educational, research, and technology innovation space for renewable energy conversion through waste processing, particularly using biogas and biomass-based technologies. Background Problems: Urban waste management issues require innovative solutions, particularly in the application of 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) principles. The potential for converting organic waste into renewable energy offers significant benefits, including reducing fossil fuel dependency and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Research Methods: BPMN-based modelling which employs a community-driven Living Lab model, integrating both technological innovation (such as biodigesters, pyrolysis, and IoT) and social engagement. Involves active collaboration between universities, local communities, and government agencies to implement and monitor renewable energy conversion technologies, data collection through IoT sensors and real-time monitoring systems. Finding/Results: Project successfully demonstrated the capacity of converting 15-30 tons of organic waste monthly using biodigesters and pyrolysis for up to 6 tons of plastic and 5 tons of paper. IoT-enabled systems ensured real-time monitoring of critical parameters such as gas production, reactor temperature, and safety protocols. Highlight the potential for creating a circular economy model by producing biogas, biochar, and organic fertilizers.. Conclusion: BioEnergi Living Lab project offers a sustainable and scalable model for waste-to-energy conversion, contributing to both energy independence and environmental sustainability. Innovative addresses urban waste management issues, community engagement and local economic growth through renewable energy-based solutions._
Copyright (c) 2025 Mochammad Junus, Indra Lukmana Putra, Devi Mega Risdiana, Muhamad Rifa'i, Atika Syuliswati , Santi Widhiyanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Buying Behavior in Digital Fashion Retail: Examining Mediation by Attitudinal Loyalty and Moderation by Self-Control Between Online Experience, Influencer Traits, and Purchase Decisions
Introduction/Main Objectives: This paper examines how online shopping experience and social media influencer traits jointly influence buying behavior in digital fashion retail, with attitudinal loyalty as a mediator and self-control as a moderator. Background Problems: The fragmented understanding of how online shopping experience and social media influencer traits jointly shape buying behavior in digital fashion retail, particularly the unclear roles of attitudinal loyalty as a mediator and self-control as a moderator Novelty: This paper integrating online shopping experience and social media influencer traits into a unified model that simultaneously tests attitudinal loyalty as a mediator and self-control as a moderator in shaping buying behavior within digital fashion retail—a configuration not previously examined in emerging-market contexts. Research Methods: This study employed a quantitative cross-sectional survey of 300 active consumers of Rimini Fashion Store who had purchased via digital platforms (e.g., Instagram Shop, Shopee, or the official website) within the past six months. A non-probability convenience sampling technique was used. The questionnaire utilized validated scales, all measured on a 5-point Likert scale. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) in SmartPLS 4.0 Finding/Results: Online shopping experience strongly enhances attitudinal loyalty (β = 0.610, p < 0.001) but does not translate into buying behavior (β = –0.009, p = 0.883); in contrast, social media influencer traits directly and positively predict purchases (β = 0.120, p = 0.014), while self-control unexpectedly strengthens—rather than weakens—the loyalty–behavior link (β = 0.137, p = 0.008). These results indicate that digital fashion purchases are driven more by immediate influencer cues and deliberate self-regulated loyalty than by emotional attachment alone. Conclusion: Digital fashion brands should prioritize authentic influencer partnerships and design experiences that align with consumers’ self-regulatory capacities, rather than relying solely on emotional engagement to drive sales.
Copyright (c) 2025 Santi Wulandari, Ahmad Nizar Yogatama https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Product Quality and Price Perception on Consumers' Purchase Decisions at Kiko Milano, Pakuwon Mall Surabaya
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study investigates the influence of product quality and price perception on consumer purchase decisions for Kiko Milano cosmetics at Pakuwon Mall Surabaya. As an international brand offering affordable luxury, Kiko Milano competes in Indonesia's dynamic beauty market, where consumer preferences are shaped by both global branding and local economic considerations. Background Problems: The increasing interest in premium cosmetic products among Indonesian consumers raises the need to explore which factors—product quality or price perception—play a more decisive role in shaping purchase behavior. Novelty: This research integrates two critical variables—product quality and price perception—within the framework of a global brand operating in a local market. The study contributes to the limited body of quantitative research exploring consumer decision-making in Indonesia's premium beauty segment. Research Methods: A quantitative approach with a causal associative design was used. Data were collected from 100 respondents via structured questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression. Validity and reliability tests were conducted to ensure instrument accuracy. Findings/Results: The results indicate that both product quality and price perception significantly affect consumer purchase decisions. However, price perception exerts a more dominant influence, suggesting that consumers are more responsive to perceived value and affordability than to product excellence alone. Conclusion: Consumers prioritize price perception when purchasing cosmetics, implying that marketing strategies should emphasize competitive pricing and perceived value to enhance brand appeal and drive sales. _________________________________________________________________________________ Keywords: Price Perception; Product Quality; Purchase Decision; Consumer Behavior; Cosmetics Industry
Copyright (c) 2025 Vera Eka Ristanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Digital Marketing Capabilities on Financial Performance: A Case Study of Bromo Project Malang
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study aims to examine the role of Digital Marketing Capabilities (DMCs) in influencing Financial Performance within the tourism MSME sector. The topic is significant because the sustainability of modern MSMEs increasingly depends on their ability to leverage digital assets as a source of competitive advantage. Background Problems: The research addresses the question: How can the impact of DMCs on Financial Performance be measured and validated, particularly in the context of a single-case MSME, Bromo Project Malang? Research Methods: A qualitative approach was employed using a single case study design. Data were collected through source triangulation, including in-depth interviews with the Owner and Finance Staff to capture strategic and operational insights, and customer questionnaires to validate market impact. Thematic Analysis was applied to narrative data, followed by cross-validation to ensure reliability. Finding/Results: The findings reveal that “Genuine Storytelling” Content Capability is a distinctive DMC that meets VRIN criteria, making it difficult to imitate and crucial for building customer trust. Additionally, DMCs serve as a strategic tool for cost efficiency, reducing customer acquisition costs (CPA) by approximately 70%, while simultaneously enhancing sales volume and customer loyalty. Conclusion: The study concludes that DMCs significantly contribute to stable Financial Performance by fostering trust, loyalty, and cost efficiency. The practical implication suggests that MSMEs should prioritize investments in Authentic Content Capabilities and Data Analytics to ensure long-term business continuity.
Copyright (c) 2025 Andreas Habel Adi Nugroho, Ditya Wardana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Examining the Impact of Job Satisfaction Dimensions on Employee Productivity: Evidence from Malaysia’s Manufacturing Industry
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study investigates the relationship between job satisfaction and employee productivity in the manufacturing sector in Selangor, Malaysia. The topic is significant as productivity is a key driver of organizational success, and understanding its link to job satisfaction can inform effective human resource strategies. Background Problems: The research addresses the question: How do dimensions of job satisfaction salary, job promotion, supervision, and co-worker relationships affect employee productivity in large manufacturing firms? Research Methods: A quantitative research design was employed using a structured questionnaire distributed to 108 respondents from major manufacturing companies in Selangor. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, Spearman’s rank correlation, and multiple linear regression to identify significant predictors of productivity. Finding/Results: The findings reveal that co-worker relationships have a significant positive impact on employee productivity, while salary, job promotion, and supervision do not show statistically significant effects. This suggests that interpersonal relationships and teamwork play a crucial role in enhancing performance. Conclusion: The study concludes that intrinsic and social motivators may influence productivity more than extrinsic factors such as compensation and promotion. Managers should prioritize strategies that foster supportive peer interactions and collaborative organizational cultures to build a more engaged workforce. Future research is recommended to examine moderating variables such as leadership style, work–life balance, and organizational culture for a deeper understanding of the job satisfaction–productivity nexus.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kannan Rassiah, Mohanavel Arumugam, Noorhaslina Azani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Comparison analysis of accuracy and error rates in calculating financial distress for automotive and component companies on the IDX from 2022–2024
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study investigates the relationship between job satisfaction and employee productivity in the manufacturing sector in Selangor, Malaysia. The topic is significant as productivity is a key driver of organizational success, and understanding its link to job satisfaction can inform effective human resource strategies. Background Problems: The research addresses the question: How do dimensions of job satisfaction—salary, job promotion, supervision, and co-worker relationships—affect employee productivity in large manufacturing firms? Research Methods: A quantitative research design was employed using a structured questionnaire distributed to 108 respondents from major manufacturing companies in Selangor. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, Spearman’s rank correlation, and multiple linear regression to identify significant predictors of productivity. Finding/Results: The findings reveal that co-worker relationships have a significant positive impact on employee productivity, while salary, job promotion, and supervision do not show statistically significant effects. This suggests that interpersonal relationships and teamwork play a crucial role in enhancing performance. Conclusion: The study concludes that intrinsic and social motivators may influence productivity more than extrinsic factors such as compensation and promotion. Managers should prioritize strategies that foster supportive peer interactions and collaborative organizational cultures to build a more engaged workforce. Future research is recommended to examine moderating variables such as leadership style, work–life balance, and organizational culture for a deeper understanding of the job satisfaction–productivity nexus.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmad Musahwi, Ditya wardana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Employee Performance in a Futures Brokerage Firm: The Impact of Work Experience and Work Discipline on Employee Performance at PT Victory International Futures, Malang
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study examines how work experience and work discipline independently shape employee performance at PT Victory International Futures, Malang Branch, a BAPPEBTI-licensed futures brokerage firm in Indonesia. Background Problems: In Indonesia's financial services sector, futures brokerage firms face increasing pressure to maintain service excellence and regulatory compliance. While employee performance is critical for client retention and organizational resilience, the specific contributions of work experience and work discipline remain underexplored in this context. Novelty: This research contributes to the literature by isolating work experience and work discipline as primary determinants within a focused model, specifically examining their influence in a futures brokerage setting that emphasizes both client education and real-time trading support. Research Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional survey design was employed with a census sampling technique of 50 valid respondents from the Malang Branch. Data were collected using questionnaire measured on a 5-point Likert scale. Data analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics 27, including validity and reliability testing, classical assumption tests, and multiple linear regression. Finding/Results: Both Work Experience (β = 0.477, p = 0.003) and Work Discipline (β = 0.465, p = 0.003) significantly and positively influenced Employee Performance. The model explains 85.6% of the variance in employee performance (R² = 0.856), indicating strong predictive power. The near-equal effect sizes suggest that both factors are equally vital determinants of performance in this high-stakes financial environment. Conclusion: This study empirically confirms that both work experience and work discipline are critical determinants of employee performance in futures brokerage firms. In the high-compliance, client-facing environment of a BAPPEBTI-regulated firm, performance is driven by foundational human capital attributes: accumulated job-related knowledge and consistent behavioral adherence to organizational norms.
Copyright (c) 2025 Seken Fahreza Maulana, Ahmad Nizar Yogatama https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence Of Asset Management, Green Accounting, And Social Disclosure On Financial Performance In The Manufacturing Sector Listed On The IDX
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study explores the impact of asset management, green accounting, and social disclosure on the financial performance of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) between 2022 and 2024. These factors are increasingly relevant as firms seek to improve profitability while maintaining sustainability in a competitive market. Background Problems: The research addresses the question: Do asset management, green accounting, and social disclosure significantly influence the financial performance of IDX-listed manufacturing companies? Research Methods: A quantitative explanatory design was adopted, utilizing secondary data from annual reports and PROPER environmental ratings. A purposive sample of 29 manufacturing firms was selected for the 2022–2024 period. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed using SPSS version 26 to test the hypotheses. Finding/Results: The results reveal that asset management and green accounting have a positive and significant effect on financial performance, whereas social disclosure shows no direct impact. This indicates that efficient resource utilization and systematic adoption of green accounting practices contribute to profitability, while social disclosure alone does not guarantee financial improvement. Conclusion: The study concludes that companies should prioritize optimal asset management and integrate green accounting into their operations to enhance competitiveness and firm value. Future research is recommended to examine potential mediating factors such as corporate governance and stakeholder engagement to better understand the role of social disclosure in financial outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Susana Lise Kedong, Justita Dura https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role Of Customer Experience In Enhancing Customer Satisfaction And Loyalty On The Shopee Platform
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study examines how Customer Experience influences customer satisfaction and ultimately strengthens customer loyalty on the Shopee platform in Indonesia. The research is motivated by the growing competition in e-commerce, evolving consumer behavior, and challenges in maintaining trust and satisfaction, which are critical for sustaining loyalty. Background Problems: The research seeks to answer: Does Customer Experience significantly affect customer satisfaction and loyalty, and how do related factors such as trust and digital service quality contribute to these relationships? Research Methods: A quantitative descriptive approach was employed using purposive sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 100 active Shopee users who had made at least one transaction in the past six months. Path analysis was applied to examine the relationships among Customer Experience, satisfaction, loyalty, and trust. Finding/Results: The findings reveal that Customer Experience has a positive and significant impact on Customer Satisfaction, which in turn positively influences Customer Loyalty. E-service quality also significantly affects loyalty, while trust directly impacts loyalty without mediation by satisfaction. Digital interactions—such as communication, feedback, and algorithm-driven personalization—play a role in enhancing satisfaction and building trust. Conclusion: The study concludes that Customer Experience is a key determinant of satisfaction and loyalty among Shopee users. The practical implication is that Shopee should adopt a holistic approach to improving digital customer experience to maintain loyalty in an increasingly competitive e-commerce environment. Future research should explore the moderating role of personalization and technological innovation in shaping customer loyalty.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nadya Nadita https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role Of E-Learning As A Learning Resource In Enhancing Academic Performance
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study investigates the role of e-learning platforms as learning resources and their impact on academic performance among students at Polytechnic Kuching Sarawak. E-learning, delivered via institutional intranets or the Internet, has been widely recognized for its benefits, yet questions remain regarding the extent to which students truly benefit from these platforms. Background Problems: The research addresses the question: Do e-learning platforms significantly contribute to learning effectiveness and positively influence students’ academic performance? Research Methods: A quantitative approach was employed using an online questionnaire distributed randomly to 97 students at Polytechnic Kuching Sarawak. Descriptive analysis was applied to assess students’ level of agreement regarding the usefulness of e-learning platforms and their perceived impact on academic achievement. Finding/Results: The findings reveal that most students agree e-learning platforms serve as valuable educational tools. Furthermore, the majority of respondents indicated that these platforms positively affect their academic performance, suggesting that e-learning enhances accessibility and supports effective learning. Conclusion: The study concludes that e-learning platforms play a significant role in improving academic outcomes and should be integrated into teaching strategies. The practical implication is the need for training programs for both students and lecturers to maximize the benefits of e-learning, aligning with the increasing adoption of digital learning in modern education. Future research should explore factors such as engagement, platform usability, and technological readiness to provide a more comprehensive understanding of e-learning effectiveness.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muliadi Wahid, Halimah Robert https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Linking Stereotype Congruity to Purchase Behavior Intention: The Roles of Perceived Authenticity and Coffee Shop Preference (Study on Vosco Coffee Consumers in Malang)
Introduction/Main Objectives: Indonesia continues to strengthen its position as one of the world’s most dynamic coffee markets, driven by lifestyle evolution and increasing demand for authentic cafe spaces. Malang, recognized as a hub for education and student culture, has experienced considerable competition amo ng contemporary coffee establishments, particularly Vosco Coffee, which adheres to a lifestyle cafe model. This study aims to examine the influence of stereotype congruity on purchase behavior intention through perceived authenticity, as well as the moderating effect of preference for coffee shops in consumer decision-making. Background Problems: Intense competition and the homogeneity of concepts among coffee shops have caused some coffee shops, including Vosco Coffee, to experience fluctuating sales volumes that fall short of targets. This situation indicates a mismatch between consumer perceptions of the image and expected experience and the reality offered, thus impacting purchase behavior intention. Novelty: This study provides novelty by integrating the concept of stereotype congruity with perceived authenticity and purchase behavior intention within the context of lifestyle cafes, a relationship that has not been extensively examined, particularly in Indonesia’s dynamic coffee market setting. Research Methods: The study used a quantitative methodology, administering online and offline questionnaires to 150 Vosco Coffee drinkers in Malang by accidental sampling. Data were analyzed using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method with SmartPLS version 4.1.1.4. Finding/Results: The findings show that stereotype congruity and perceived authenticity both positively and significantly influence purchase behavior intention, with perceived authenticity also acting as a key mediating factor. Additionally, preference for coffee shops strengthens this relationship, highlighting the strategic importance of aligning brand identity and consumer expectations to enhance purchase behavior intention. Conclusion: This study contributes to the literature on experiential marketing in lifestyle cafes and offers helpful suggestions for coffee shop managers to enhance authentic experiential elements that meet consumer lifestyle perceptions and foster deeper purchase behavior intentions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Isma Nadia Devira, Widiya Dewi Anjaningrum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Understanding How Outbound Trainers Build Customer Satisfaction: A Multi-Case Qualitative Study of Outbound Trainers and Their Clients in Batu, Indonesia
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study looks at how outdoor trainers use different methods to boost client satisfaction. Since these programs involve constant interaction, keeping customers happy plays a key role in maintaining repeat business while supporting financial sustainability over time. Background Problems: The issue being studied involves inconsistent results in outbound training when it comes to meeting client expectations, made more complex by the abstract nature of the service and how much it depends on the trainer’s skills. This study asks: From both trainers’ and participants’ viewpoints, what actions lead to higher satisfaction in these programs? Novelty: This work fills a missing piece in existing studies through detailed qualitative analysis of how trainers operate offering their viewpoint, which earlier research often ignores despite centering on participants’ results. Research Methods: This multi-case qualitative research gathered information from two skilled outbound trainers and their clients in Batu, Indonesia using semi-structured interviews, observational methods without participation, along with examination of written records. The material was processed through thematic coding techniques. Finding/Results: The results show a clear pattern of four main approaches to boosting satisfaction: first, tailoring plans after detailed analysis of user needs; also, strong support using inclusive methods; next, deeper connections that go past simple exchanges; finally, ongoing adjustments guided by broad feedback. When trainer and participant views align, it becomes evident that success depends not only on skill but equally on genuine personal engagement. Conclusion: The key takeaway here, program effectiveness in outbound training hinges on solid instructional design along with the facilitator’s skill in promoting group connection and engaging learning. This research offers practical guidance: helping providers improve delivery standards while enabling customers to make smarter choices when picking partners.
Copyright (c) 2025 Allan Awangga Prasetyo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Study On Sustainable And Smart Campus Mobility At Kolej Komuniti Jasin For Improving Transportation Indicator Outcomes
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study focuses on enhancing green mobility and smart infrastructure at Kolej Komuniti Jasin (KKJS) as a strategic approach to developing a low-carbon and sustainable campus. The topic is significant because sustainable transportation is a key indicator in global campus sustainability rankings. Background Problems: KKJS ranked 625th globally in the UI GreenMetric World University Rankings 2024 with a score of 62.7/100. While the institution performed well in Setting & Infrastructure and Waste Management, its Transportation score was only 1,125 out of 1,800 points (62.5%), indicating insufficient attention to campus mobility and environmental management. This raises the research question: How can green mobility strategies improve KKJS’s sustainability performance? Research Methods: The study employed a mixed-method approach, including document review, observational field studies, and descriptive surveys distributed to students and staff. These methods assessed readiness and acceptance toward implementing green mobility initiatives. Finding/Results: The findings reveal that constructing pedestrian walkways and green corridors, along with introducing a vehicle-sharing system, significantly reduces carbon emissions and improves sustainability scores. Survey results indicate strong support for walking and cycling routes as alternatives to motorized transport. Conclusion: Integrating green mobility strategies into campus planning enhances KKJS’s UI GreenMetric ranking and fosters a low-carbon, equitable, and safe TVET community campus. The study underscores the importance of promoting green culture and sustainable lifestyles to achieve a fully sustainable campus by 2030.
Copyright (c) 2025 MOHAMAD SHAHRIL IBRAHIM, Norhana Safee, Ahmad Nasir Mohamed Noor, Noor Mayafaraniza Kosnan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis Of Financial Distress Accuracy Level In The Textile And Garment Sector
Introduction/Main Objectives: The Indonesian Textile and Garment Industry is currently experiencing a severe crisis characterized by mass layoffs and factory closures. This situation is driven by the influx of imported products and declining export demand, making financial distress prediction crucial for stakeholders. The objective of this study is to compare the accuracy of three prediction models—Springate, Zmijewski, and Grover—in detecting financial distress. Background Problems: The crisis has caused widespread financial instability in the sector, raising the question: Which prediction model provides the most accurate early warning for financial distress in Textile and Garment companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX)? Research Methods: This research adopts a quantitative approach. The population includes all Textile and Garment companies listed on IDX, with 11 companies selected through purposive sampling, resulting in 44 data units. Data analysis techniques include descriptive statistics, the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, and One-Way ANOVA to compare the models’ predictive capabilities. Finding/Results: The results indicate significant differences among the three models. The Zmijewski model achieved the highest accuracy at 100% with zero error, followed by the Grover model at 82% accuracy (18% error). The Springate model performed the worst, with only 9% accuracy and a 91% error rate. Conclusion: The study concludes that the Zmijewski model is the most accurate and reliable tool for predicting financial distress in Indonesia’s Textile and Garment sector. Its adoption can help stakeholders implement timely interventions to mitigate risks and maintain business continuity.
Copyright (c) 2025 Firman Aditya Husain, Ditya Wardana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of 21st Century Skills in Enhancing Workforce Readiness: a Case Study at BLK Wonojati
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study examines the role of 21st century skills comprising creativity, critical thinking, communication, and collaboration in enhancing workforce readiness among trainees at the Vocational Training Center (BLK) Wonojati. The topic is relevant because industrial transformation and technological advancement require workers to possess not only technical abilities but also adaptive and collaborative competencies to navigate the challenges of the modern labor market. Background Problems: The main problem addressed in this study is the low level of work readiness among vocational training graduates in Indonesia, primarily due to a gap between technical skills and 21st century competencies. This skills mismatch indicates that while trainees possess practical expertise, they often lack critical thinking, creativity, effective communication, and teamwork skills that are essential for employability. Novelty: The novelty of this research lies in applying a quantitative associative approach within a nonformal training institution context (BLK Wonojati) to empirically measure the influence of 4C skills on work readiness. Previous studies have mostly focused on vocational high schools and college students, whereas this study expands the scope to community-based training participants. Research Methods: This research employed a quantitative associative method using a Likert-scale questionnaire distributed to 120 respondents. Data were analyzed through validity, reliability, multiple linear regression, and F-tests using SPSS version 27. Finding/Results: The results show that all four 21st century skill variables have a positive and significant effect on workforce readiness with an Adjusted R² value of 0.434, meaning that 43.4% of work readiness variation is explained by the 4C skills. Conclusion: Enhancing creativity, critical thinking, communication, and collaboration has been proven to strengthen work readiness among vocational trainees. Therefore, integrating 21st century skills into training curriculum is a strategic step in preparing adaptive and competitive human resources for the industrial era 4.0.
Copyright (c) 2025 Zanuba Salsabila Irzani, Adriani Kala'lembang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect Of Stress And Workload On Employee Performance PT. Midi Utama Indonesia, Tbk (Alfamidi) Malang City
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study aims to empirically analyze the effect of work stress and workload on employee performance at PT. Midi Utama Indonesia Tbk (Alfamidi) Malang City in a comprehensive and representative. Background Problems: In the context of an increasingly competitive retail industry, the phenomenon of increased psychological pressure and excessive workload often becomes a major factor that disrupts the effectiveness of employee performance Research Methods: This study used a quantitative approach with saturated sampling technique, involving all 85 employees as respondents, where data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS version 26 with multiple linear regression method to test the relationship between variables statistically, including classical assumption tests. Finding/Results: The results of the study indicate that work stress has a positive but insignificant effect on performance, while workload has a significant positive effect, with both variables simultaneously contributing significantly to employee performance of 44.3% overall. Conclusion: Controlled stress and workload can encourage increased work productivity. Therefore, companies need to maintain a proper proportion of workloads and create a conducive work environment to support employee performance and well-being. Regular and not excessive work pace management is important to ensure employees can perform their duties effectively, maintain focus, and avoid physical and mental fatigue.
Copyright (c) 2025 Vena Anggun Pribadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Consequence Which Operational Efficiency Makes On The Business's Capacity To Preserve Its Financial Stability In The Banking Sector In 2022-2024
Introduction/Main Objective: Indonesia's uncertain economic growth, coupled with obstacles such as inflation, global instability, and post-pandemic recovery, has led to an interesting dynamic in Indonesia's financial condition for the 2022-2024 period, with stable but slightly slowing economic growth. This requires banks to manage operating costs effectively. Background: Based on previous findings, the ratio of operating expenses to operating income and non-performing loan do not significantly impact profitability and are arguably unrelated to a company's ability to generate profits. Conversely, the cost-to-income ratio has a positive impact because it can increase a company's capacity to generate profits. This study aims to examine how this aspect of operational efficiency affects banks' financial condition for the 2022-2024 period. Novelty: This study measures efficiency indicators using the ratio of operating expenses to operating income, cost-to-income ratio, non-performing loan, and return on assets as profitability metrics that indicate bank stability. The study's originality is demonstrated by the cost-to-income ratio applied to conventional banks for the 2022-2024 period. Research Methods: This study employed quantitative methods and selective sampling across 19 banks. Based on agency theory, this study uncovered the relationship between owners and management. The classical assumption test and t-test using SPSS 27 were the analytical tools used to confirm this hypothesis. Findings/Results: Based on the findings, the operating expense to operating income ratio, the cost to income ratio, and the non-performing loan ratio all had significant and unfavorable effects on profitability. Conclusion: This study indicates that operating expenses and operating income, the cost-to-income ratio, and non-performing loan impact a company's financial stability. This study suggests that bank management should manage operating costs to maintain efficiency, improve revenue management efficiency relative to total costs, optimize non-interest income sources and asset utilization efficiency, and reduce non-performing loan by strengthening credit risk management.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ratih Pratiwi Muji Lestari, Murtianingsih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effects of Leverage and Profitability on Tax Aggressiveness, Moderated by Good Corporate Governance in Manufacturing Companies
Introduction: Income tax is an obligatory expenditure for corporate entities, which contradicts the primary purpose of profit maximization.This encourages companies to adopt assertive tax evasion tactics. This study examines the moderating influence of independent commissioners on the association between leverage (DAR) and profitability (ROA) and tax aggressiveness (ETR). Background Problems: Leverage and profitability are often regarded as significant determinants of tax aggression; nevertheless, empirical evidence regarding their correlation has been inconclusive. Therefore, this study seeks to answer whether independent commissioners can moderate the association between leverage, profitability, and tax aggressiveness. Novelty: The use of independent commissioners as a moderating variable is the unique aspect of this study, which aims to rectify the inconsistencies found in previous empirical findings regarding leverage, profitability, and tax aggressiveness. Research Methods: This research employs a quantitative approach to examine secondary data with SPSS version 26. The population includes manufacturing firms registered on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2022 to 2024. Ninety-six data points were acquired from the food and beverage sub-sector using purposive sampling, following the exclusion of outliers. The approach encompasses traditional assumption testing and Moderated Regression approach (MRA). Finding/Results: The results demonstrate that leverage and profitability exert no substantial partial influence on tax aggression. Independent commissioners, however, moderate the association between leverage and tax aggression. While leverage and profitability do not directly and significantly influence tax aggressiveness, effective Corporate Governance (indicated by independent commissioners) amplifies the leverage effect on tax aggressiveness. The research model accounts for merely 10.8% of the variance in tax aggression. Conclusion: The findings indicate that leverage and profitability have no substantial impact on tax aggressiveness. However, independent commissioners strengthen the connection between leverage and tax aggressiveness.
Copyright (c) 2025 Syalita Amalia Faatihah, Murtianingsih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Cybersecurity Challenges in Internet Usage by Engineering Students
The internet is an essential necessity among engineering students. However, to what extent do students pay attention to the issue of cybersecurity in their usage. Therefore, the objective of this study is to identify the level of cybersecurity knowledge and practices among engineering students. The study respondents were diploma engineering students at Politeknik Kuching Sarawak. The research instrument used was a questionnaire. The sampling technique used was random sampling, distributed online. Respondents answered the questionnaire based on a 5-point Likert scale provided in the questionnaire form. The analysis of this study used descriptive analysis to measure the students' level of agreement with the study items in the questionnaire based on the mean value. The results show that the level of knowledge is high, and the level of practical cybersecurity practices is good. This study is important for obtaining information on the extent to which they are aware of cybersecurity aspects, thus requiring institutional action to formulate programs that can enhance their level of awareness
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmady Solong, Muliadi Wahid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Impact of TikTok Marketing and Brand Awareness on Consumer Purchase Intention for Skinflair Product
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study aims to analyze the impact of TikTok digital marketing and brand awareness on consumer purchase intention for Skinflair products, a local Indonesian beauty brand actively utilizing social media as its primary marketing platform. Background Problems: The rapid digitalization of the beauty industry has shifted marketing strategies from conventional to digital approaches, particularly through TikTok, which enables brands to reach wider audiences using short videos and interactive live streaming features. However, limited research has empirically examined how TikTok marketing and brand awareness influence purchasing decisions for local beauty brands such as Skinflair. Novelty: This research highlights the relationship between TikTok digital marketing and brand awareness in the context of Indonesian local beauty brands. Unlike previous studies, this study focuses on how interactivity, information, and originality of TikTok content, along with consumer recognition of the brand, drive purchase intention toward Skinflair. Research Methods: This study employs a quantitative approach with a causal associative method. Data were collected through online questionnaires distributed to 100 TikTok users who have purchased Skinflair products. Data analysis includes validity and reliability testing, classical assumption testing, t-tests, and coefficient of determination (R²) using SPSS. Finding/Results: The results indicate that TikTok digital marketing has a positive and significant effect on consumer purchase decisions (p < 0.01). Brand awareness also shows a positive and significant effect (p < 0.001). Together, both variables explain 44.6% of the variance in consumer purchase intention for Skinflair products. Conclusion: TikTok digital marketing and brand awareness play crucial roles in influencing consumer purchase decisions. Promotional strategies through interactive video content and live streaming on TikTok effectively enhance brand recognition and strengthen purchase intention toward local beauty products such as Skinflair.
Copyright (c) 2025 Melisa Tamara Jun https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Justice, Taxation System, and Discrimination on Individual Taxpayers' Perceptions Regarding Tax Evasion Ethics [Research at the North Malang Pratama Tax Office]
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study examines how fairness, the tax system, and discrimination influence individual taxpayers’ perceptions of the ethics of tax evasion at the North Malang Tax Office (KPP Pratama). Tax evasion remains a persistent issue in Indonesia, often linked to negative perceptions of fairness and systemic weaknesses, making this topic crucial for improving compliance. Background Problems: The research addresses the question: To what extent do fairness, the tax system, and discrimination affect taxpayers’ ethical views on tax evasion? Research Methods: A quantitative approach was employed using purposive sampling to select 100 non-employee individual taxpayers earning above IDR 60 million annually. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS version 26.0. Finding/Results: The results indicate that fairness, the tax system, and discrimination significantly and positively influence taxpayers’ perceptions regarding the ethics of tax evasion. The Adjusted R² value of 0.667 suggests that 66.7% of perception changes are explained by these three variables, while the remaining 33.3% is influenced by external factors beyond the study’s scope. Conclusion: The findings underscore the importance of implementing a fair, transparent, and discrimination-free tax system to enhance compliance and reduce tax evasion practices in Indonesia. Policymakers should prioritize equity and clarity in tax regulations to foster ethical taxpayer behavior.
Copyright (c) 2025 Zulia Tri Kahesti, Tias Rahmi Fauziyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Contribution, Taxpayer Compliance, and Tax Service Quality in Increasing Regional Original Revenue: An Empirical Study on Restaurant Taxes in Lumajang Regency
Introduction/Main Objectives: The background of this research is based on the importance of Regional Original Revenue (PAD) in enhancing regional fiscal independence. This study aims to analyze the influence of contribution, taxpayer compliance, and service quality on PAD in Lumajang Regency. The focus of the research is directed at restaurant taxes as one of the main sources of regional revenue in strengthening fiscal independence. Background Problems: Although the restaurant sector has shown an increasing contribution to PAD, challenges remain in the form of low taxpayer compliance and suboptimal public service quality. These conditions have resulted in the regional revenue potential not being fully optimized, thereby requiring a comprehensive assessment of the factors that influence PAD. Novelty: The novelty of this study lies in its focus on restaurant taxes following the significant increase in PAD in 2025. Unlike previous studies that generally examined other regional taxes such as hotel taxes, advertisement taxes, and entertainment taxes, this research specifically highlights the contribution, compliance, and service quality of restaurant taxes toward improving Regional Original Revenue in Lumajang Regency. Research Methods: This study employs a quantitative method by distributing questionnaires to 92 restaurant taxpayers in Lumajang Regency. Data collection was conducted using a purposive sampling technique, selecting respondents based on specific criteria relevant to the research objectives. Data analysis was carried out using multiple linear regression with the assistance of IBM SPSS Statistics 26 to examine the influence of contribution, taxpayer compliance, and service quality on PAD. Finding/Results: The results of the study show that the three variables contribution, taxpayer compliance, and service quality have a positive and significant effect on PAD. This indicates that the higher the contribution, compliance, and tax service quality, the greater the increase in regional revenue. Conclusion: This study concludes that increasing PAD can be achieved through optimizing tax collection, improving taxpayer awareness, and enhancing the quality of public services. The local government needs to strengthen a transparent and responsive tax administration system to encourage public trust and reinforce regional fiscal independence.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dewi Salsabila, Fadilla Cahyaningtyas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Firm Size, Firm Value, and Firm Activity on Sustainability Report Disclosure Level
Introduction: This study analyzes how of company size, company value, and company activities relate to the extent of sustainability report disclosure in Indonesia’s energy sector. Sustainability reporting is an important element in creating corporate transparency and accountability, as well as a means of legitimacy to gain public trust. Background Problems: The extent of sustainability report disclosure in the energy sector remains uneven for the 2021-2024 period, despite OJK regulations requiring periodic reporting. This study seeks to answer how internal company characteristics influence the level of transparency in sustainability reporting. Novelty: This research’s novelty stems from its spesific focus on the energy sector for the 2021-2024 period and the integration of three internal factors that previously showed inconsistent results. This study reaffirms the relevance of legitimacy theory in explaining differences in transparency levels between companies. Research Methods: This study employs a quantitative methods using a causal associative model. The population includes energy sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, from which 22 firms for the 2021-2024 period. The sampling method applied is purposive sampling and the data were analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS version 27. Finding: The findings show that company size and activity have a significant positive association with sustainability report disclosure, while company value has a negative effect. This indicates that large and active companies tend to be more transparent in maintaining public legitimacy, while companies with high market value tend to be selective in their disclosures in order to maintain investor perception. Conclusion: This study concludes that internal characteristics shape the extent to which firm in the energy sector communicate their sustainability information. These findings support legitimacy theory and highlight the importance of policies that strengthen consistency and sustainability reporting standards in the energy sector.
Copyright (c) 2025 Gledys Intan Permata, Satya Fauziah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Study On The Effect Of Mechanical Parameters On The Efficiency Of Manual Biomass Processing For Sustainable Fertilizer Production
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study examines the influence of mechanistic parameters on manual biomass processing within the framework of green engineering and low-energy systems. The research focuses on the relationship between gear size in manually operated mechanical systems and the efficiency of biomass crushing, aiming to reduce reliance on electrification and fossil fuels in support of SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) and SDG 13 (Climate Action). Background Problems: The key problem addressed is how gear size affects the performance of manual biomass crushing systems. The research question is: Does increasing gear radius improve crushing efficiency in manual biomass processing systems? Research Methods: An experimental design was implemented using three gear sizes (10 mm, 20 mm, and 30 mm) and four classes of wooden sticks with diameters ranging from 5 mm to 20 mm. Each gear-stick combination was tested three times to ensure reliability. Linear regression and statistical analysis were applied to determine the relationship between gear radius and crushing rate. Finding/Results: The results indicate a strong positive correlation between gear size and crushing efficiency, expressed by the equation y=3.75x−12.5y = 3.75x - 12.5y=3.75x−12.5. The 30 mm gear achieved 100% crushing efficiency, while the 10 mm gear achieved only 25%. Larger gear radius significantly increases torque and biomass conversion efficiency. Conclusion: Manual mechanical systems demonstrate substantial potential as zero-carbon-energy technologies for biomass waste conversion. This study contributes to mechanical engineering by clarifying the impact of gear size on ultra-low-energy systems, reinforcing the need for affordable, human-powered, and sustainable green technologies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nor Zuliana Abdul Latif, Siti Khalijah Shuib, Mohamad Shahril Ibrahim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of PPh21 Withholding Slips, Digital Tax System Ease, and Tax Literacy on Tax Compliance
Introduction/Main Objectives: Digital transformation in tax administration has introduced e-Filing as a method for reporting annual tax returns, aiming to enhance convenience and compliance. However, compliance among individual taxpayers who are employees remains inconsistent. This study explores factors influencing compliance during the transition to the CoreTax system, focusing on PT 24Slides Design Indonesia, which continues to use e-Filing until 2025. Background Problems: The research addresses the question: How do the use of PPh 21 withholding slips, perceptions of e-Filing ease, and tax literacy affect the compliance of individual employee taxpayers? Research Methods: A quantitative approach was employed using a questionnaire distributed to 141 respondents, determined through the Slovin formula from a population of 218 employees. Data analysis included validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression, and hypothesis testing using SPSS version 26. Finding/Results: The findings indicate that the use of PPh 21 withholding slips, perceptions of e-Filing ease, and tax literacy each have a positive and significant effect on employee taxpayer compliance. These results highlight the importance of both digital accessibility and knowledge in fostering compliance. Conclusion: The study concludes that improving tax literacy and ensuring access to accurate withholding slips can strengthen compliance during digital transitions. For companies and tax authorities, these insights imply that supporting employees with clear documentation and user-friendly systems is critical to sustaining compliance.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rosidatul Karisma, Tias Rahmi Fauziyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Strengthening Empowering Leadership Effects on Innovation: The Roles of Innovative Climate and Collaborative HRM (Study on East Java Patchwork and Quilting Craftsmen)
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study aims to strengthen theoretical and empirical understanding of how empowering leadership influences craftsmen’s innovative work behavior through the mediating role of organizational climate for innovation and the moderating role of collaborative human resource management systems (CHRMS). The research focuses on the Pelanusa Patchwork & Quilting community in East Java as a representative of Indonesia’s creative MSME sector. Background Problems: In the creative craft sector, the level of innovation remains low. Many artisans repeat existing designs without exploring new ideas due to limited leadership support, weak collaboration, and low confidence. Novelty: This paper introduces an integrated model combining empowering leadership, organizational climate for innovation, and collaborative HRM systems to explain the emergence of innovative work behavior in artisan communities. It expands previous theories by applying them to non-formal, community-based organizations, where innovation is shaped more by social interaction, trust, and shared ownership than by hierarchical structures. Research Methods: A quantitative methodology based on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was adopted to collect data from 199 craftsmen using validated survey instruments. The variables measured include EL, OCI, CHRMS, and CIWB. Finding/Results: The results show that empowering leadership significantly enhances innovative behavior through both direct pathways and indirect effects facilitated by OCI. Moreover, CHRMS positively moderates the relationship between EL and CIWB. The model demonstrates a high Goodness-of-Fit (GoF = 0.817), indicating strong explanatory power. Conclusion: Empowering leadership effectively fosters innovative behavior when supported by a collaborative HRM system and an innovation-oriented climate. The study contributes theoretically to HRM and leadership research and provides practical insights for MSME leaders and policymakers to strengthen innovation and sustainability in local artisan communities.
Copyright (c) 2025 Irma Septia Ningsih, Widiya Dewi Anjaningrum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Deficit-Surplus and Firm Size on Capital Structure in Start-Up Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study investigates the impact of financial deficit-surplus conditions and firm size on the capital structure of startup firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The topic is relevant because startup funding fluctuations in 2023–2024 highlight the importance of balancing internal and external financing sources to sustain business operations. Background Problems: The research addresses the question: How do financial deficit-surplus conditions and firm size influence the capital structure of Indonesian startups, given the unique funding dynamics compared to traditional manufacturing firms? Research Methods: A quantitative approach was employed using multiple linear regression analysis. From an initial sample of 40 startups, 32 valid observations were analyzed after removing outliers. The data were drawn from IDX-listed startups, focusing on financial indicators and firm size. Finding/Results: The empirical results indicate that financial deficit-surplus conditions do not significantly affect capital structure, whereas firm size has a significant positive effect. This suggests that larger asset bases enable startups to secure external financing more effectively. Conclusion: The study concludes that capital structure in Indonesian startups is driven more by firm size and asset scale than by short-term financial conditions. The implication is that startups should prioritize strengthening assets and improving operational efficiency to maintain a stable and investor-attractive capital structure.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yatima Ayu Puspitasari, Mulyaningtyas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect Of Sustainability Reporting, Environmental Performance And Media Exposure On Reputation Of Food And Beverage Sector Companies Listed The Indonesia Stock Exchange
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study examines the influence of sustainability reporting, environmental performance, and media exposure on corporate reputation in the food and beverage sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2022–2024 period. The topic is relevant due to the growing emphasis on sustainable business practices and the increasing demand from investors for non-financial information reflecting corporate social and environmental responsibility. Background Problems: The research addresses the question of whether sustainability reporting, environmental performance, and media exposure significantly affect corporate reputation within the food and beverage industry. Research Methods: A quantitative approach with an explanatory research design was employed. The sample consists of 81 companies selected through purposive sampling for the 2022–2024 period. Data analysis was conducted using classical assumption tests and multiple linear regression with SPSS version 25. Finding/Results: The findings indicate that sustainability reporting has a positive and statistically significant effect on corporate reputation. In contrast, environmental performance and media exposure do not show a significant influence on corporate reputation. Conclusion: The study concludes that sustainability reporting plays a crucial role in enhancing corporate reputation, while environmental performance and media exposure are less impactful. These results imply that companies should prioritize transparent sustainability reporting to strengthen their reputation among stakeholders.
Copyright (c) 2025 Vivin Lauren Indriyanti, Justita Dura https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Curriculum Management, Classroom Management, and The Influence of Curriculum Management, Classroom Management, and Learning Media on Learning Quality: Study at SMP An Namiroh Pekanbaru
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study investigates the impact of curriculum management, classroom management, and learning media on learning quality at SMP An Namiroh Pekanbaru. Learning quality is a critical indicator of educational success, reflecting the achievement of instructional goals and the development of student competencies. Background Problems: The research seeks to answer whether curriculum management, classroom management, and learning media significantly influence learning quality in the school context. Research Methods: A quantitative approach was applied using multiple linear regression analysis. Data were collected from SMP An Namiroh Pekanbaru, and statistical tests were conducted to determine the significance of each variable’s effect on learning quality. Finding/Results: The results show that curriculum management has a significant positive effect on learning quality (t = 3.401; Sig = 0.002), and learning media also significantly influence learning quality (t = 2.742; Sig = 0.010). Conversely, classroom management does not have a significant effect (t = 1.138; Sig = 0.264). The coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.865 indicates that these variables collectively explain 86.5% of the variance in learning quality. Conclusion: The study concludes that strengthening curriculum planning and optimizing the use of learning media are essential strategies to improve learning quality, while classroom management requires further evaluation for its role in educational outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Syahrizan Naharuddin, Theresia Pradiani, Widi Dewi Ruspitasari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
When Leadership Meets Talent and Technology: Understanding Drivers of Employees' Green Innovative Work Behavior
Introduction/Main Objectives: The objective of this study is to strengthen the theoretical and empirical understanding of the impact of Green Entrepreneurial Leadership (GEL) on employees’ Green Innovative Work Behavior (EGIWB), mediated by Digital Technology Capability (DTC) and moderated by Green Talent Management (GTM). The research specifically focuses on batik MSMEs in East Java. Background Problems: Employees’ green innovative work behavior in batik MSMEs remains very limited. This is evident from the dominant use of chemical dyes, low initiative in proposing eco-friendly innovations, and minimal promotion and implementation of green practices. These shortcomings hinder the ability of batik MSMEs in East Java to adopt sustainable practices and meet market demand for environmentally friendly products. Novelty: The novelty of this study lies in integrating three main constructs—green entrepreneurial leadership, green talent management, and digital technology capability—to explain employees’ green innovative work behavior. Few previous studies have examined the interrelationship of these variables simultaneously, particularly in traditional creative industries such as batik, which are currently adapting to sustainability and digitalization demands. Research Methods: A quantitative methodology was utilized to gather data from 220 batik MSME owners in East Java through accidental–purposive sampling, ensuring respondents were active, had at least three years of business experience, and were willing to utilize digital platforms. The data were analyzed via PLS-SEM with SmartPLS to evaluate the hypotheses. Findings/Results: The results indicate that Green Entrepreneurial Leadership (GEL) significantly enhances Employees’ Green Innovative Work Behavior (EGIWB). Moreover, Green Talent Management (GTM) mediates this relationship, while Digital Technology Capability (DTC) acts as a moderator that strengthens the influence of GEL on EGIWB. Conclusion: Green Entrepreneurial Leadership (GEL) enhances Employees’ Green Innovative Work Behavior (EGIWB) through effective Green Talent Management (GTM) and strong Digital Technology Capability (DTC).
Copyright (c) 2025 Nur faidah, Widiya Dewi Anjaningrum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Mediating Role of Teamwork in the Influence of Interpersonal Communication and Work Motivation on Employee Performance among Wedding Vendor Teams in Malang
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study explores how interpersonal communication and work motivation shape employee performance when teamwork functions as a mediating factor. The topic is relevant because project based creative industries, such as wedding services, rely heavily on fast coordination and smooth role alignment across team members. Background Problems: The research addresses issues frequently encountered in wedding vendor teams misaligned perceptions, inconsistent motivation, and ineffective coordination leading to the core question of whether communication and motivation can enhance performance through the presence of strong teamwork. Novelty: The contribution of this study lies in its integrated examination of interpersonal communication, work motivation, and teamwork within a single structural model focused on the wedding vendor sector. This context has received limited academic attention, especially regarding how collaborative interactions affect employee performance in creative service environments. Research Methods: An explanatory quantitative design was applied using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) through SmartPLS 3.2.9. Data were collected from 61 respondents representing seven categories of wedding vendors, including make-up artists, wedding organizers, photographers, decorators, sound system providers, tent services, and catering providers. Finding/Results: The results indicate that interpersonal communication and work motivation both strengthen teamwork, yet neither variable directly influences employee performance. Performance improvements emerge only when these factors operate through cohesive team interactions. Mediation testing confirms that teamwork acts as a crucial intermediary, with full mediation found for the effect of interpersonal communication and partial mediation for work motivation. Conclusion: The study concludes that fostering open communication, building collective motivation, and improving role coordination are essential for developing effective teamwork that ultimately enhances performance. These insights highlight the importance of collaborative dynamics in creative industries that demand rapid adaptation and intensive cooperation
Copyright (c) 2025 Firman Arifin, Widi Dewi Ruspitasari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Optimizing Financial Inclusion for Generation Z Students: Through Financial Self-Efficacy, Financial Technology, and Financial Literacy
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study examines the influence of financial self-efficacy, financial technology (fintech), and financial literacy on financial inclusion among Generation Z students in Malang City. The research is motivated by the importance of financial inclusion as an effort to facilitate Gen Z students' access to digital financial services for future financial readiness. Background Problems: Despite Indonesia's relatively high financial inclusion rate, low literacy and consumer protection understanding cause Gen Z students to not fully utilize financial services wisely. The main problem addressed is how financial self-efficacy, fintech, and financial literacy affect the financial inclusion of Gen Z students in Malang. Novelty: This study focuses specifically on Gen Z students who are primary fintech users, differing from previous research mostly centered on the general population or working groups. Moreover, it highlights the factors influencing financial inclusion in the fintech context and the limitations of financial literacy among the digital generation. Research Methods: Using a quantitative method, the sample consisted of 99 active students from the Accounting undergraduate program semester 3 and above, selected through purposive sampling. Data was collected by questionnaire and analyzed by multiple linear regression using SPSS to test the effect of independent variables on financial inclusion. Finding/Results: Results show that financial self-efficacy and fintech have a positive and significant effect on the financial inclusion of Generation Z students. However, financial literacy does not significantly impact financial inclusion, indicating a need to develop digital financial literacy more relevant to Gen Z characteristics. Conclusion: The study concludes that enhancing financial self-efficacy and fintech is key to promoting financial inclusion among Gen Z students. Furthermore, financial literacy needs to adapt to fintech developments to be more effective. These findings provide essential implications for policymakers and educators to optimize financial inclusion for the digital generation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Shela hasbiyah, Fadilla Cahyaningtyas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
From Lead To Performance: How Leadership Motivation And Discipline Shape Employee Productivity In PT. Tjiwi Kimia, Tbk.
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study examines the influence of leadership style, work motivation, and work discipline on the productivity of employees at PT Tjiwi Kimia Tbk as a representative of large manufacturing industries in Indonesia. The objective is to understand the extent to which these organizational behavior factors affect performance in the context of industrial efficiency and competition. Background Problems: There has been a decline in employee discipline and productivity at PT Tjiwi Kimia Tbk during the 2023–2025 period. This study seeks to answer the extent to which leadership style, work motivation, and work discipline influence productivity simultaneously and partially. Novelty: The novelty of this research lies in the empirical analysis of the relationship between leadership, motivation, and discipline in the context of the manufacturing industry in Indonesia, which has rarely been studied simultaneously. Most studies have focused on the public and education sectors, thus failing to describe the characteristics of industries with high production pressure. Research Methods: This study uses an associative quantitative approach with multiple linear regression. Primary data was obtained through a Likert scale questionnaire from 70 employees in three main departments (HR, Mill Service, and Export-Import), then analyzed using SPSS version 27 through validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, and hypothesis tests (F and t tests). Finding/Results: The results show that leadership, motivation, and work discipline simultaneously have a significant effect on productivity (F = 24.335; Sig. < 0.001). Partially, only work motivation has a positive and significant effect (Sig. = 0.006), while the other two variables do not have a significant effect. Conclusion: Work motivation is a dominant factor in increasing employee productivity. These results reinforce Maslow's 1943 theory and Robbins and Judge's 2013 theory regarding the importance of motivational needs in a work environment that supports self-actualization. Companies are advised to strengthen policies regarding rewards and career development, as well as create a work environment that supports sustainable productivity.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nur Kholifah, Teguh Widodo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Artificial Intelligent in Automotive Suspension System for Vertical Body Vibration Improvement using Neural Network
Introduction/Main Objectives: Vehicle suspension systems are essential for maintaining ride comfort and stability. Conventional passive systems often fail to adapt to varying road conditions, leading to compromises in performance. Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly Neural Networks (NN), offers a promising solution for modelling nonlinear dynamics and enabling adaptive control in suspension systems. The main objectives are to apply AI techniques using Neural Networks for optimizing suspension performance, to model and analyze a two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) vertical body vibration system based on a quarter-car model and to improve ride comfort and stability by minimizing body acceleration and tire load variations. Background Problems: Traditional suspension systems lack adaptability and struggle to balance comfort with handling. Road irregularities introduce nonlinear vibrations that passive systems cannot effectively mitigate. This creates a need for intelligent, real-time control strategies. Research Methods: A two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) quarter-car model was developed to represent the dynamic interaction between the sprung and unsprung masses. Simulation data were generated under various road excitation conditions to capture the system’s response to real-world disturbances. A feedforward neural network was then trained using this data to predict optimal suspension responses, enabling adaptive control strategies. Finally, the performance of the AI-based suspension system was compared with that of a conventional passive suspension system to evaluate improvements in ride comfort and stability. Finding/Results: The neural network successfully learned complex nonlinear relationships within suspension dynamics. AI-based control strategies demonstrated superior performance in reducing body acceleration and maintaining tire contact compared to passive systems, resulting in improved ride quality. Conclusion: AI-driven suspension systems using Neural Networks provide an effective framework for real-time vibration control. This approach enhances comfort and stability, paving the way for next-generation intelligent vehicles.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nur Rafiqah Rosly, Saifuldin Abdul Jalil, Mohd. Azman Abdullah, Irwanbudiana Amsah, Mohd. Hanif Harun https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Innovation Management in Engineering Internships
Introduction/Main Objectives: Innovation management is increasingly recognized as a critical component in engineering education and practice. Engineering internships provide an opportunity for students to apply technical knowledge in real-world settings, yet they often lack structured exposure to innovation processes. Integrating innovation management into internships can enhance creativity, adaptability, and problem-solving skills, preparing students for dynamic industry demands. The main objectives are to explore how innovation management principles can be implemented during engineering internships, to identify strategies that foster creativity and structured idea development among interns and to evaluate the impact of innovation-focused activities on interns’ technical and managerial competencies. Background Problems: Engineering students typically excel in technical skills but often lack experience in managing innovation. Traditional internships emphasize routine technical tasks, leaving little room for creative thinking or strategic planning. This gap limits students’ ability to contribute to organizational growth and adapt to emerging technologies. Research Methods: The study employs a qualitative approach, reviewing existing literature on innovation management and internship programs. Case studies from engineering firms are analyzed to identify best practices. Surveys and interviews with interns and supervisors provide insights into the effectiveness of innovation-oriented tasks during internships. Finding/Results: Results indicate that structured innovation activities such as design thinking workshops, cross-disciplinary collaboration, and mini-projects significantly improve interns’ problem-solving and adaptability. Interns exposed to innovation management reported higher confidence in proposing creative solutions and demonstrated improved teamwork and communication skills. Conclusion: Integrating innovation management into engineering internships bridges the gap between technical expertise and strategic thinking. This approach not only enhances interns’ employability but also contributes to organizational competitiveness. Future internship models should incorporate innovation frameworks to prepare engineers for leadership roles in a rapidly evolving industry.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nur Rafiqah Rosly, Saifuldin Abdul Jalil, Mohd. Azman Abdullah, Faizil Wasbari, Mohd. Adrinata Shaharuzaman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Work Life Balance As A Gig Worker Some Stories Colege Student
Introduction/Main Objectives: The phenomenon of gig workers has created new flexible, project-based work patterns, attracting university students to participate. Students experience dual roles: worker and student, while remaining tied to the demands of social life, forming a triadic pattern in their daily lives. This study aims to understand how student-gig workers navigate the balance between academic, work, and social roles. Background Problems: Students' involvement in flexible work presents a unique challenge in the form of conflicts between academic, work, and social responsibilities. This phenomenon raises a key question: how do gig worker students achieve work-life balance when they simultaneously fulfill these triadic roles? Novelty: The novelty of this research lies in its focus on the context of student-gig workers in Indonesia, which is underexplored. This study not only describes students' triadic roles but also explores their strategies in negotiating role boundaries through a narrative approach that emphasizes lived experiences. Research Methods: This study used a qualitative approach with an exploratory narrative design. Data were collected through in-depth narrative interviews with five gig worker students in October and November 2025. Participants were selected purposively based on a variety of occupations, and data analysis was conducted using the Gioia methodology to trace the conceptualization process from empirical experiences to key themes. Finding/Results: The results show that gig worker students achieve a life balance through ongoing negotiations between academic demands and flexible work. They develop time management strategies, maintain intrinsic motivation, and engage in emotional adaptation in the face of role pressures. Conclusion: Gig worker students' life balance is shaped by self-awareness and adaptive skills in managing role boundaries between the triadic roles. These findings emphasize the importance of institutional support and more welcoming work policies for flexible student workers to maintain mental health, motivation to learn, and long-term work productivity.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aiswara Denisya Ramadhani, Lussia Mariesti Andriany https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Empirical Evaluation of IoT-Based Smart Load Delivery Robot for Real-Time Payload Performance Monitoring and Analysis System
Introduction/Main Objectives:The aim of the study was to evaluate the performance of an IoT-based smart delivery robot utilizing the Arduino Nano microcontroller and to analyze the delivery speed achieved by the smart delivery robot compared to the manual delivery method. Background Problems: Existing low-cost transport robots typically suffer from unquantified performance degradation under varying loads and lack synchronous monitoring frameworks to support physics-based performance benchmarking. Novelty: This work presents a controlled empirical study of an IoT-integrated smart load delivery robot supported by a local microcontroller-based IoT network. The architecture transforms real-time telemetry into actionable insights, empowering smarter robotic control optimization and introduces a scalable benchmarking blueprint for delivery robots built for space-limited environments. Research Methods:The system was built around an embedded Arduino Nano unit responsible for motion control and deterministic local data streaming.Three operator-involved trials were conducted across a 30m delivery track.The trials used standardized payload increments of 2kg and 3kg. Finding/Results:The results show a time saving range between 14.65% and 19.76% for a 2kg load over 30 meters. For a 3kg load, the results show time savings of 13.33% to 14.19%.The research shows that the robot has a stable design for carrying loads, which is very good. Conclusion: The research demonstrates that the Smart Load Delivery Robot saves delivery time. Its design is stable for carrying loads. The architecture provides a foundation for smarter robotic control optimization and a scalable benchmarking blueprint.
Copyright (c) 2026 siti khalijah shuib, Noor Faridah Abd. Kadir, Mohamad Shahril Ibrahim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Brand Image and Service Quality on Customer Satisfaction: A Case Study at Toko BASMALAH Pajaran Branch, Pasuruan Regency
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study analyzes the influence of brand image and service quality on customer satisfaction at Toko BASMALAH, a modern Islamic retail chain in Pasuruan, Indonesia. Background Problems: There is a lack of clear empirical evidence on the key drivers of customer satisfaction—specifically the roles of brand image versus service quality—within the unique context of modern Islamic retail. This knowledge gap makes it strategically challenging for businesses in this sector to allocate resources effectively to improve customer satisfaction. Novelty: The research contributes to understanding consumer behavior specifically within Islamic retail settings, providing targeted insights for practitioners in this niche market. Research Methods: The study uses a quantitative method, conducting a survey of 100 customers and analyzing the data with multiple linear regression analysis. Finding/Results: Service quality has a significant and positive effect on customer satisfaction. Brand image does not have a significant effect on customer satisfaction. Approximately 59.9% of the variance in customer satisfaction is explained by the combined factors of brand image and service quality. Conclusion: The findings emphasize the critical role of enhancing service quality to improve customer satisfaction. They also suggest that strengthening the brand image can support this improvement. The research provides actionable insights for retail practitioners aiming to optimize performance through service excellence and brand management.
Copyright (c) 2026 Anis Sulaiman, Yuniar Fitriyani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Performance Evaluation Study of a smart lawn Mower for Improving Cutting Efficiency and Optimising Operation Time
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study aimed to assess the performance of a smart lawn mower designed to boost the efficiency of operational activities and optimize the landscape maintenance period in an educational campus environment. Background Problems: Manual grass-cutting activities, which are still common in educational institutions in Malaysia, are time-consuming, require significant manpower, and result in an inconsistent cutting style. Novelty: This study presents an automated, smart lawn mower that uses an electric driving system with central control to increase operational productivity and decrease reliance on human labor. Research Methods: The study uses a quantitative experimental comparison approach between the smart lawn mower and the manual method on a 2,000 square feet test site. The evaluated parameters are operational time (minutes) and cutting rate (area cut/time). The savings and effectiveness were analyzed using a percentage increase method. Finding/Results: The results showed that the smart lawn mower reduced operational time by 50% (from 40 minutes to 20 minutes) and increased the cutting rate by 100% compared to the manual method. Conclusion: The automated system significantly enhances time efficiency and productivity. It also supports green campus initiatives through efficient technology and user-friendly maintenance. This research demonstrates the potential of integrating automated technology into landscape maintenance as a modern, sustainable solution and lays the groundwork for future IoT-based smart lawn mower systems.
Copyright (c) 2026 siti khalijah shuib, Khadijah Mohd Zainuddin, Mohamad Shahril Ibrahim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Work Motivation as a Mediating Variable In The Influence of Information Technology and Competence on Employee Performance of Bromo Tour Drivers in Malang City
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study explores how information technology and employee competence shape the performance of Bromo tour drivers in Malang City, with work motivation positioned as a mediating factor. The topic is relevant because digital transformation in the tourism sector has significantly changed service delivery and operational practices. Background Problems: The core issue examined is whether information technology and competence can effectively enhance work motivation and, in turn, improve employee performance, leading to a central research question on the real impact of these variables within nature-based tourism operations. Novelty: The novelty of this study lies in simultaneously assessing technology use, competence, and motivation among Bromo tour drivers—a group that has received limited scholarly attention despite their increasing reliance on digital navigation tools, booking platforms, and communication systems. Research Methods: The research employs an explanatory quantitative approach using the SEM-PLS method. A total of 44 official Bromo tour drivers were selected through purposive sampling based on their work experience and their ability to operate digital applications relevant to daily operations. Finding/Results: The findings reveal that information technology significantly enhances work motivation, whereas competence does not show a significant effect on either motivation or performance. Moreover, work motivation does not mediate the relationship between information technology, competence, and employee performance. Conclusion: The study highlights the need for technology-oriented competency development and more structured motivation strategies—such as digital training, performance-based incentives, and professional guidance—to strengthen service quality and improve tourist satisfaction in the Bromo tourism area.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fernando Ananda Pratama, Widi Dewi Ruspitasari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect Of Technology Access, Digital Literacy, And Ease Of Use On The Decision To Use The Uprintis Indonesia Platform
Introduction/Main Objectives:This research analyzes the influence of technology access, digital literacy, and ease of use on the decision to use the Uprintis Indonesia Platform among women's MSMEs. Background Problems: Digital transformation presents women's MSMEs with the challenge of the Second Level Digital Divide, where access to technology is insufficient without the ability to utilize it effectively. Novelty: The research offers novelty by integrating the Digital Divide framework and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to analyze empowerment platforms within the underexplored context of Corporate Transformation 5.0. Research Methods: An associative quantitative approach was employed, utilizing a survey of 100 women's MSMEs users of the platform in East Java. Data were analyzed through multiple linear regression. Finding/Results: Technology access, digital literacy, and ease of use each have a positive and significant influence, both individually and collectively, on usage decisions.Further analysis indicates that digital literacy is the most influential factor. Conclusion: The results reinforce the characteristics of the Second Level Digital Divide. They highlight the necessity for a strategic shift in empowerment initiatives—from solely providing technological infrastructure to enhancing digital literacy and developing genuinely user-centric platforms to promote sustained adoption.
Copyright (c) 2026 Widiya Priska Andayani, Tin Agustina Karnawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Drone Adoption Challenges in Malaysia’s Construction Industry
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study explores the challenges faced by the Malaysian construction industry in adopting drone technology. It is guided by three objectives: 1) to identify technological barriers, 2) to examine organizational and environmental factors, and 3) to analyze relevant demographic correlations. Background Problems: The construction industry recognizes the potential of drone technology, but its widespread adoption is hindered by various significant barriers. Novelty: This study aims to fill a specific research gap by focusing exclusively on the challenges hindering drone adoption within the Malaysian construction industry. Its novelty lies in seeking deep, practical insights directly from on-the-ground industry practitioners (engineers, contractors, supervisors, project managers), whose firsthand perspectives on technical, operational, regulatory, and organizational constraints remain underexplored, especially when compared to studies focusing on general benefits or applications of the technology. Research Methods: The study used a quantitative questionnaire administered via Google Form. Respondents were individuals directly involved in construction (site supervisors, engineers, contractors, technical personnel). Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Finding/Results: Technological Barriers: High cost of equipment (mean=4.00), lack of skilled personnel (mean=4.00), low awareness (mean=4.15), and safety/privacy concerns (mean=4.25) were key challenges. Organizational & Environmental Factors: Key barriers included legal/regulatory restrictions (mean=4.11), lack of technical support (mean=4.22), uncertainty about ROI (mean=4.16), resistance to change (mean=4.11), and weather conditions (mean=4.35). Demographic Correlations: Age was moderately correlated with skill limitations (r=.432), qualification with organisational resistance (r=.542), and experience showed a weak correlation with weather-related challenges (r=.210). Conclusion: Overall, while the industry sees drone technology's potential, multiple barriers impede adoption. To increase preparedness and confidence, the industry may benefit from more focused training, awareness campaigns, clearer regulatory guidance, and structured cost-benefit analyses.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yuhani Jamian, Shahrun Nazida Binti Salleh, Salsabila binti Harisman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Integrity, Work Discipline, and Competence Through Work Motivation on the Performance of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Malang City Employeesenagakerjaan Malang City Employees
Introduction/Main Objectives: This quantitative research aims to analyze the influence of Integrity (X1), Work Discipline (X2), and Competence (X3) on Employee Performance (Y) with Work Motivation (Z) as a mediating variable at BPJS Ketenagakerjaan (Social Security Agency) Malang City. Background Problems: The research examines the necessity of improving Employee Performance, which is characterized by operational challenges such as delayed claim resolution and low response speed. Novelty: The novelty lies in testing the mediating role of Work Motivation in simultaneously integrating the three dimensions (Integrity, Discipline, and Competence) within a public service environment that is highly sensitive to both ethics and efficiency. Research Methods:The research used a saturated sample of 28 employees, representing the total population. Data were analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling – Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) method via SmartPLS 4.0 software. Finding/Results:The evaluation model showed excellent predictive power (Q2 = 0.89) with valid and reliable indicators. Integrity, Work Discipline, and Competence each had a positive and significant effect on both Work Motivation and Employee Performance (P-Value < 0.05). Work Motivation was proven to be a significant partial mediator in all three relationships, meaning the direct effects of the exogenous variables are reinforced through motivation. Conclusion: It is concluded that Work Motivation serves as a significant partial mediating variable. The key implication is that strategies to improve employee ethics (integrity, discipline) and expertise (competence) must be accompanied by initiatives to enhance work motivation to effectively boost performance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Ranuaji, Widi Dewi Ruspitasari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Performance and Operational Efficiency Study of a Portable Sambal-Making Machine Based on an Electric Heating System to Improve Small-Scale Food Production Productivity
Introduction/Main Objectives:This study was conducted to evaluate the performance and operational efficiency of a portable sambal-making machine based on an electric heating system, specifically designed to help small and medium enterprise (SME) operators improve productivity and workplace safety. Background Problems: The manual preparation of sambal in Malaysia's small-scale food industry is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and does not guarantee consistent results. Novelty:The research introduces a portable sambal-making machine designed with heat-resistant materials and stainless steel, combined with an AC motor and an electric heating system, tailored for SME use. Research Methods:The testing method involved simulating sambal production using real ingredients (chili, onion, shrimp paste) to assess actual performance under continuous operating conditions. Finding/Results:Sambal preparation time was reduced from 40 minutes to 15 minutes.The machine achieved approximately 35% electrical energy savings compared to conventional methods.The sambal produced had a more uniform and consistent texture. User safety was improved due to the fully enclosed machine design.The total development cost was only RM424.00. Conclusion:The portable sambal-making machine demonstrates great potential to increase productivity, save energy, and support the development of more efficient and user-friendly local food technology for small-scale entrepreneurs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Suhana Binti Mohd Gazi , Sujanuriah Binti Sahidi Sahidi, Noor Faridah Binti Abd. Kadir , Noor Mayafaraniza Binti Kosnan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence Of Work Environment And Job Satisfaction On Employee Performance (Study at the Singosari Industrial Training Center)
Introduction Research investigates how the work environment and job satisfaction influence employee performance at the Singosari Industrial Training Center. In the Industry 4.0 era, human resources are central to organizational success, making employee performance vital for achieving service quality and institutional objectives. Background Problem Despite the emphasis on HR performance, BLKI Singosari still faces productivity constraints stemming from inadequate working conditions, outdated facilities, and limited career development. These issues may weaken job satisfaction and employee performance. Moreover, inconsistencies in previous findings highlight the need for further examination of these variables Novelty This study provides novelty by combining two predictor variables work environment and job satisfaction to comprehensively assess their simultaneous influence on employee performance at BLKI Singosari. Unlike previous research, this study focuses on examining these variables in a government training institution context, offering new practical and theoretical insights into HR optimization. Research Methods This research applies a quantitative associative causal approach. The entire population of 51 BLKI Singosari employees was used as the sample through saturated sampling. Primary data were gathered via survey instruments and analyzed with SmartPLS 4.1.1.4, including validity testing (outer loading > 0.70), reliability testing (Cronbach's Alpha > 0.70), and hypothesis testing using bootstrapping procedures. Findings The results indicate that both the work environment (p-value = 0.016) and job satisfaction (p-value = 0.000) significantly enhance employee performance. The model demonstrates strong predictive power, with an R-square value of 0.814, meaning that 81.4% of employee performance variation is explained by these two variables. A favorable work setting and high job satisfaction are thus proven to be key determinants of enhanced employee performance at BLKI Singosari. Conclusion This study concludes that improving working conditions and increasing job satisfaction are essential strategies for enhancing employee performance. Organizations, especially training institutions like BLKI Singosari, must prioritize these factors to optimize productivity and effectively achieve organizationalgoals.
Copyright (c) 2026 Anita Ayu Suryandini, Ida Nuryana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect Of Digital Transformation, Company Size, And Profitability Level On Tax Avoidance In Healthcare Companies On The Indonesia Stock Exchange In 2022-2024
Introduction/Main Objectives: The goal of this research is to investigate how digital transformation, company size, and profitability influence tax avoidance behavior in healthcare companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) between 2022 and 2024. Background Problems: Despite post-pandemic performance growth (increased revenue, asset expansion, and digitalization) in the healthcare sector, the average Effective Tax Rate (ETR) remains lower than the applicable corporate tax rate, indicating an ongoing potential for tax avoidance. Novelty: This research introduces novelty by examining both the work environment and job satisfaction together as integrated factors affecting employee performance in the specific, under-researched context of the Singosari Industrial Training Center (BLKI Singosari). It aims to provide clarity by addressing the contradictory findings from previous studies on this topic. Research Methods: This study uses an associative quantitative approach with secondary data from annual financial reports. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression, with the Effective Tax Rate (ETR) serving as the variable to measure tax avoidance. Finding/Results: Digital transformation, company size, and profitability together significantly impact tax avoidance.Digital transformation and company size have a significant individual impact on tax avoidance.Profitability has only a slightly significant individual effect. Digital transformation acts as a key driver that can reduce tax avoidance practices. Larger companies have greater scope for tax avoidance. Conclusion: It is concluded that digital transformation is an effective and significant factor that can reduce tax avoidance. Conversely, the results indicate that larger company size is associated with greater potential for tax avoidance practices.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ezsa Maharani Purwanto, Tias Rahmi Fauziyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Impact Of Peer Social Support On Student Stress During Thesis Writing
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study examines how peer social support and stress levels influence students' ability to complete their theses. Background Problems: Students face significant challenges during their academic journey, including increasing academic pressure and a critical need for social support, particularly during the thesis writing process. Novelty: The novelty lies in the simultaneous analysis of both factors (peer support and stress) among students in the same year at a private university. This addresses a gap, as most previous studies have examined these variables separately or in broader populations, failing to capture the specific dynamics of final-year thesis writers. Research Methods: This quantitative study employed a survey method, distributing a questionnaire via Google Form to 35 students actively writing their theses. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression, supported by instrument testing, classical assumption tests, hypothesis testing, and coefficient of determination analysis. Finding/Results: Peer social support had a positive and significant effect on thesis completion ability. Stress had a negative and significant effect on thesis completion ability. Together, both variables explained 24.8% of the variation in students' thesis writing behavior. Conclusion: Social support strengthens the thesis writing process, while stress is a significant obstacle. The findings highlight the need to foster a supportive academic environment and implement stress management strategies to optimize thesis completion.
Copyright (c) 2026 Agysta Febriola Herdyansyah, Ida Nuryana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction in the Relationship Between Employee Demographics and Employee Performance at Bengkel Soe-Hatt Auto Service Malang
Introduction/Main Objectives: The automotive service sector requires focused human resource management, as coordinated teamwork is essential for improving employee performance. This study examines how demographic differences among employees influence job satisfaction and how these differences ultimately affect performance in an automotive workshop setting. The topic is relevant because service industries rely heavily on the quality of their workforce, and variations in individual characteristics often lead to differences in work behavior and service quality. Background Problems: Employee performance declines in several organizations have been linked to increasing job demands that require workers to meet specific qualifications. Demographic factors such as age, gender, education, and tenure often pose challenges because each factor carries distinct implications for performance. Tenure is one of the key considerations, as longer work experience generally contributes to higher skill maturity and improved work quality. Novelty: The novelty of this study lies in integrating demographic variables, job satisfaction, and employee performance within an automotive workshop context an area that remains understudied despite its unique operational characteristics compared to other service sectors. Research Methods: This study employs a quantitative approach with an explanatory survey design that includes all 42 employees through a saturated sampling method. The data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using the PLS-SEM technique with SmartPLS version 3.2.9 to evaluate both the direct and indirect relationships among the variables. Finding/Results: The findings reveal that demographic characteristics exert a notable influence on job satisfaction, and job satisfaction directly enhances employee performance. Moreover, job satisfaction functions as a partial mediator, helping to bridge the relationship between demographic factors and performance outcomes. Conclusion: The study concludes that human resource management in automotive workshops should consider demographic diversity and enhance job satisfaction through supportive working conditions, fair recognition, and opportunities for career development to optimize employee performance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Vita Melati Istyawati, Widi Dewi Ruspitasari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Analysis of The Implementation of Industry-Academia Programme For Diploma In Civil Engineering Students at Politeknik Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Towards Developing Holistic Graduates
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the Industrial Visiting Lecturer Programme (PPI) for the Diploma in Civil Engineering (DKA) at Politeknik Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah (POLISAS) in producing holistic graduates. Background Problems: The study was conducted based on the PPI activities for the June 2022 Session involving the Diploma in Civil Engineering Programme. A total of 446 DKA students participated in the PPI programme and were selected as respondents. Five main programmes were implemented for semester two(2) until semester five (5). Research Methods: The research employed a quantitative descriptive design. The instrument used was a questionnaire based on a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 5, representing poor to excellent. The questionnaire was developed by the Department of Polytechnic and Community College Education (JPPKK) and the data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19.0. The analysis involved median and standard deviation values. The validity and reliability of the instrument were assessed using Cronbach Alpha. Finding/Results: Data were analysed using mean and standard deviation. The findings indicate that all items recorded median values between 4.1 and 4.4, reflecting a high level of satisfaction. The standard deviation value was low (0.7), indicating consistency in the respondents’ responses. The Cronbach Alpha value was 0.910, indicating high reliability of the instrument. Conclusion: In conclusion, the study proves that industrial exposure directly contributes to students’ academic development, character building, and employability — which are dominant attributes in producing holistic graduates
Copyright (c) 2026 Siti Asmahani Mohamed, Rozallienny Zainal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Real-Time Water Surface Obstacle Detection Using YOLOv11 and Stereo Vision on NVIDIA Jetson Orin NX
Introduction/Main Objectives:This research aims to investigate how digital transformation, company size, and profitability influence tax avoidance behavior in healthcare companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) between 2022 and 2024. Background Problems: Despite post-pandemic performance growth—marked by increased revenue, asset expansion, and accelerated digitalization—the healthcare sector's average Effective Tax Rate (ETR) remains lower than the statutory corporate tax rate, indicating persistent potential for tax avoidance. Research Methods: The study employs an associative quantitative approach using secondary data from annual financial reports. Data analysis is conducted through multiple linear regression, with the Effective Tax Rate (ETR) serving as the measure for tax avoidance. Finding/Results: Digital transformation, company size, and profitability collectively have a significant impact on tax avoidance.Individually, digital transformation and company size show a significant effect on tax avoidance.Profitability has only a slightly significant individual effect.Digital transformation acts as a key factor in reducing tax avoidance practices.Larger companies exhibit greater scope for tax avoidance. Conclusion: Digital transformation is an effective and significant driver in reducing tax avoidance, whereas larger company size correlates with increased potential for such practices. The findings highlight the importance of digital adoption and regulatory attention to firm scale in mitigating tax avoidance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Abdullah Atiq Bin Arifin, Noor Haslyena Binti Hassan, Mohd Fadli Bin Kambas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Perception of Construction Industry Players on Drone Technology: Impact on Project Delays and Work Quality
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study aimed to systematically investigate the perception of construction industry players regarding the effectiveness of drone technology in mitigating project delays and improving work quality on construction sites. Background Problems: The global construction industry faces persistent challenges from project delays and work quality variations, leading to financial losses. Despite the growing adoption of drone technology as a monitoring solution, there is a lack of empirical evidence on how industry players themselves perceive its effectiveness in addressing these core issues. Research Methods: A quantitative survey method was employed, targeting a sample of construction professionals (project managers, engineers, contractors) in Southern Malaysia. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to measure the intensity of industry perception. Finding/Results: Results showed an overwhelmingly strong positive perception. The mean score for perceived effectiveness in reducing project delays was 4.26. The mean score for perceived impact on improving work quality was 4.26 (based on a 5-point Likert Scale).Familiarity and hands-on experience with drone technology led to more informed and nuanced evaluations of its benefits. Conclusion: Construction industry players view drone technology as a highly valuable and effective intervention for enhancing both project timeliness and quality. The study provides critical, evidence-based justification for its strategic adoption, offering clear guidance to construction firms and policymakers on maximizing the technology's benefits to address key sector performance challenges.
Copyright (c) 2026 Shahrun Nazida Salleh, Yuhani Jamian, Salsabilla Harisman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect Of Work-Family Conflict On Employee Performance With Job Stress As A Mediating Variable At Aria Gajayana Hotel In Malang City
Introduction/Main Objectives: This research investigates the effect of work family conflict on employee performance, with work stress serving as a mediating factor, all within the context of the hospitality sector at the Aria Gajayana Hotel in Malang. The subject matter is pertinent because employees in the hospitality industry frequently encounter intense workloads and unpredictable scheduling, which elevate the probability of role conflict and psychological distress. Background Problems: This research aims to answer the question of how work-family disagreement leads to elevated job strain and reduced staff output, and whether job strain serves to mediate the connection between the two. This study provides empirical data concerning the mediating role of job strain in the relationship between work-family disagreement and staff output within the Indonesian hospitality industry, a sector that remains insufficiently explored in this particular high-demand occupational setting. Research Methods: A quantitative methodology utilizing Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLSSEM) via SmartPLS 3 was utilized. Data were gathered from 54 personnel through saturated sampling and analyzed via measurement and structural model assessments to determine direct and indirect consequences. Finding/Results: The results demonstrate that work family conflict substantially increases work stress and concurrently diminishes employee performance. Work stress also holds a significant negative impact on employee performance and operates as an intermediary factor in the pathway between work family conflict and employee performance. Conclusion: The study concludes that role conflict and job strain are central determinants influencing staff output in the hospitality sector. These findings underscore the importance of organizational assistance, equitable task distribution, and stress management tactics to sustain peak performance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Chairain Lala Octaviana, Rifki Hanif https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Understanding Parents’ Choices Behind Rising Enrollment Demand: The Roles of Service Quality, Trust, and Word of Mouth
Introduction/Main Objectives:This study examines how service quality and word of mouth affect parents’ school choice at SDIT Amal Mulia in Depok, with trust as an intervening variable. Background Problems: The intense competition in elementary school selection is highlighted by the case of SDIT Amal Mulia, where its Grade 1 quota filled in just 10 minutes, demonstrating the critical need to understand the key factors driving parental decision-making. Research Methods:The research used a census method, surveying all 76 Grade 1 parents. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4 software. Finding/Results: Service quality strongly influences school choice, both directly and indirectly through trust.Trust significantly affects parents’ decisions.Word of mouth has no significant direct or indirect effect on the school choice decision. Conclusion: Service quality and trust play a more decisive role than word-of-mouth recommendations in influencing parents' choice of elementary school.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lita Edia Harti, Widi Dewi Ruspitasari, Theresia Pradiani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence Of Work Environment And Compensation On Employee Performance At CV Andika Tani Makmur In Blitar
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study analyzes the influence of the work environment and compensation system on employee work performance at CV Andika Tani Makmur, a company engaged in hybrid corn seed cultivation that relies on accuracy and manual labor. This topic is relevant because the consistency of employee performance directly shapes the quality of hybrid corn yields. As such, companies need empirical insight into which factors can effectively improve employee performance. Background Problems: This study is driven by the instability of employee performance in the maize cultivation process, especially regarding detasseling, crop cleanliness, and punctuality. This variation in performance raises a key question: can the work environment and compensation explain the difference in performance in CV Andika Tani Makmur? Novelty: This research focuses on the agricultural context in particular the corn seeding industry, which demands a high level of precision and consistency in the work. Although the work environment and compensation factors have been widely studied, few studies have examined these two variables simultaneously in the agribusiness sector, which has different fieldwork characteristics from other industrial sectors. Research Methods: The 62 participants in this associative quantitative study were selected using a saturation sampling method. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression using a Likert-scale questionnaire. In order to quantify the impact of the work environment and compensation on employee performance, the study was conducted using tests for validity, reliability, classical assumptions, t-tests, F-tests, and R². Finding/Results: According to the results, there is a favorable and substantial relationship between employee performance and the work environment and compensation. When compared to other workplace factors, compensation has a statistically significant impact on Employee Performance. Conclusion: Improving the work environment and implementing performance-based compensation is an effective strategy to increase productivity and maintain production quality. These findings have practical implications for agricultural companies in designing more responsive and evidence-based human resource management policies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gita Wahyu Romadhon Putra, Rifki Hanif https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Coretax Implementation, Tax Knowladge, and Tax Sanctions In Encouraging Individual Taxpayer Compliance In Malang City
Introduction/Main Objectives: The primary objective of this study is to meticulously analyze the role of coretax implementation, tax knowladge, and tax sanctions in encouraging individual taxpayer compliance in Malang City. The central focus is specifically directed toward assessing the effectiveness of tax administration modernization in elevating the level of taxpayer compliance. Background Problems: Although the government has developed the Core Tax Administration System (Coretax), the degree of taxpayer compliance remains comparatively low.. Many taxpayers have not yet understood tax procedures, and some others have not fulfilled their obligations correctly, thus the modernization of the system has not fully influenced compliance behavior. Novelty: The novelty of this research lies in its analytical focus on the effectiveness of Coretax implementation on Personal Taxpayer compliance in Malang City, a context that has rarely been studied in depth. Furthermore, this research integrates the variables of tax knowledge and tax sanctions to examine how these two factors play a role in strengthening or weakening the impact of tax administration modernization. Studies concerning Coretax within the Personal Taxpayer segment are still relatively limited, thus this research provides a new empirical contribution regarding the factors influencing compliance in the era of digitalization of tax services. Research Methods: This study employs a quantitative research design and collected data using a purposive sampling technique form 77 personal taxpayer respondents. The statistical analysis, performed with SPSS software, included several steps validity and reliability testing, classical assumtion tests, and hypothesis testing via multiple linear regression analysis, t-test, and calculating the coefficient of determination (R2). Finding/Results: The research findings indicate that the implementation of coretax does not have a significant effect on taxpayer compliance. In contrast, tax knowladge and tax sanctions are proven to have a positive and significant impact on improving taxpayer compliance. Tax knowledge is the factor with the greatest impact, while sanctions remain an important instrument in improving compliance through deterrent effects and law enforcement. Conclusion: The research concludes that the increase in taxpayer compliance is more influenced by the taxpayer's comprehension of tax regulations and their perception of sanctions, compared to the modernization of the administrative system through Coretax. This finding implies the necessity of increasing tax literacy, optimizing Coretax socialization, and ensuring consistency in the application of sanctions as strategic steps to strengthen tax compliance
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhamad Ilham Satria, Fadila cahyaningtyas Cahyaningtyas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Tax Planning and Profitability on Company Value with Transfer Pricing as a Moderating Variable in Manufacturing Companies Listed on The Indonesian Stock Exchange
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study aims to analyze the effect of tax planning and profitability on company value with transfer pricing as a moderating variable in manufacturing companies in the food and beverage sub-sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2021 to 2024. Background Problems: Manufacturing firms in the food and beverage subsector are under pressure from rising production costs, volatile raw material prices, and more stringent tax laws. Investor worries regarding transfer pricing methods that could impact the value of the company have also been raised by the increase in related-party transactions. Novelty: This study is innovative in that it uses transfer pricing as a moderating element to examine how this variable affects the relationship between tax planning and profitability on corporate value. Research Methods: A quantitative strategy with a causal design was employed. Purposive sampling was used to collect samples, yielding a total of 120 samples from 30 companies between 2021 and 2024. Descriptive statistics, traditional assumption tests, and multiple linear regression utilizing the moderated regression analysis (MRA) method were used to examine the data. Findings/Results: The findings indicate that while profitability has no discernible impact on raising a company's worth, tax planning does. Although it can reduce the relationship between tax planning and company value, transfer pricing has a negative impact on company value. Transfer pricing, however, has little effect on how profitability and firm value are related. Conclusion: In conclusion, tax planning is a more effective strategy than profitability in increasing the transfer pricing value of a company, serving to strengthen this relationship when carried out in a reasonable and transparent manner.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hellen Wahyu Ningsih, Satya Fauziah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of The Implementation And Recording of Accounting, Financial Transparency, And Financial Management Systems For Franchise Businesses In Malang City
Introduction/Main Objectives:This study examines the application of accounting recordkeeping, financial transparency, and financial management systems in franchise businesses in Malang City. Background Problems: While franchising is a rapidly growing business model that encourages regional economic growth, differences in the financial recording and management systems across individual franchises pose obstacles to maintaining accountability and operational effectiveness. Novelty: The novelty of this research lies in its integrative analysis that combines the three financial aspects—accounting recordkeeping, transparency, and management systems—simultaneously. This contrasts with previous research, which generally discussed these elements separately. Research Methods:This study uses a descriptive qualitative method with a multi-case study design. Data were obtained through semi-structured interviews with financial managers from three franchise companies in Malang City, supported by analysis of relevant scientific literature and previous research. Finding/Results: The financial system differs in each franchise: A&W implements a centralized system, Mixue uses a digital system, and Terang Bulan Nusasari relies on manual record-keeping.These differences affect the level of financial transparency and management effectiveness.The effectiveness of financial management depends not only on technology but also on the discipline, integrity, and commitment of managers in maintaining transparency and accountability. Conclusion: The research demonstrates that effective financial management in franchises is influenced by both the implemented systems (centralized, digital, or manual) and key human factors such as managerial discipline and integrity.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ismi Khairunisa Hartawan, Mulyaningtyas Mulyaningtyas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of the DASHY-25M Teaching Aid Design at the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Kuching Sarawak
Introduction/Main Objectives: This research details the development and evaluation of the DASHY-25M, a physical teaching aid designed to enhance the efficacy of teaching and learning (T&L) methodologies in mechanical engineering education, specifically in design-focused courses such as Computer-Aided Design (CAD). Background Problems: Conventional pedagogical approaches in mechanical engineering often struggle to bridge the gap between digital simulation and physical reality. Instruction that relies exclusively on theoretical lectures and software-based exercises can constrain student comprehension by lacking a tangible, hands-on component. Novelty: The novelty of this study lies in the DASHY-25M itself—a physical teaching aid developed to provide a complementary, hands-on learning modality aimed at enhancing students' understanding of complex design principles and their real-world manufacturing and assembly applications. Research Methods:This study employs a quantitative, descriptive-correlational approach. Data will be collected via a questionnaire distributed to approximately 200 mechanical engineering diploma students at Politeknik Kuching Sarawak and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics to assess the aid's impact on student comprehension and perception. Finding/Results: As the study is presented in a proposal format, specific empirical findings are not yet available. The hypothesis states that the integration of the physical aid is expected to show a significant positive correlation with students' conceptual understanding and practical skills. Conclusion: It is anticipated that the integration of the DASHY-25M will address a critical gap in current pedagogical practice by strengthening the link between digital design theory and physical application, thereby enhancing learning outcomes in mechanical engineering education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Haizal Mohd Hamzah, Suhana Binti Mohd Gazi, Yusmi Bin Halit, Muhadir Bin Saeman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effectiveness Using New Design Wheelchair-Bed for Dialysis Patients in Pahang Malaysia
Introduction/Main Objectives:This study evaluates the effectiveness of a prototype wheelchair-bed developed for dialysis patients in Pahang, Malaysia. Background Problems: Dialysis patients often experience discomfort during long treatment sessions at dialysis centers, indicating a need for improved supportive equipment that enhances comfort and functionality. Novelty: The novelty lies in the prototype itself—a wheelchair-bed that uniquely combines mobility with reclining and bed functions, specifically designed to address the needs of dialysis patients. Research Methods: The study involved a real prototype demonstration at a dialysis center. A structured survey was administered to a simulated sample of 213 respondents, including doctors, nurses, dialysis patients, and other healthcare personnel. Finding/Results: The prototype received high overall satisfaction, with average ratings between 4.1 and 4.8 on a 5-point scale in criteria such as comfort, adjustability, ease of operation, and perceived benefits.Open-ended feedback highlighted strengths in comfort, adjustability, and caregiver convenience.Suggested improvements included reducing the device's weight and enhancing its ventilation system. Conclusion: The findings confirm the prototype's initial effectiveness and provide valuable, actionable insights for the design team to further refine and enhance the wheelchair-bed before broader implementation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Aiman Bin Abu Johan, Mohd Nazruddin Bin Mohd Nizam, Jamadeel Izwan Bin Ibrahim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Value-Driven Loyalty: The Role of Price and Product Quality in the Indonesian FMCG Market
Main Objectives: This study analyzes the influence of brand image, product quality, and price on consumer loyalty at PT Indomarco Adi Prima Kupang Branch. This topic is important because the competition in the retail industry is getting fiercer and customer loyalty is the key to business sustainability. The study aims to identify which factors are most influential in building loyalty. Background Problems: The main issues examined were whether brand image, product quality, and price had an effect on consumer loyalty. This study also evaluates which variables are the most dominant in influencing loyalty. The core question of the study was formulated: "What factors most determine Indomarco's consumer loyalty?" Research Methods: The study used a quantitative approach with a Likert scale questionnaire survey on consumers who had made a purchase more than three times. Data analysis was carried out using PLS-SEM through testing the outer model and inner model. Samples were selected by purposive sampling according to the research criteria. Results: The results show that price and product quality have a positive and significant effect on consumer loyalty. On the other hand, reputation or brand image does not show significant influence. The research model has strong predictive power with an R² value of 0.777. Conclusion: The study concluded that consumer loyalty is driven primarily by competitive prices and consistent product quality. Companies need to prioritize value strategies to strengthen customer loyalty. A reputation still needs to be built as a long-term asset even if the direct influence is not significant.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ido Gusma Raba https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Product Quality, Service Quality, and Price on Purchase Decision at Lumos Agro Karya
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study aims to analyze the effect of product quality, service quality, and price on the purchase decisions of business partners at Lumos Agro Karya, a company in Malang's food ingredient supply industry. Background Problems: The food ingredient supply industry for the Horeca sector has experienced significant growth in recent years, leading to increasingly high levels of competition. Research Methods: The research uses a quantitative method with a non-probability sampling technique (purposive sampling). Instrument testing included validity, reliability, linearity, heteroscedasticity, and multicollinearity tests. Hypothesis testing was conducted using the T-test, with all data analysis performed using SPSS version 25.00. Finding/Results:The results show that product quality, price, and distribution accuracy influence the purchasing decisions of business partners. Conclusion: The conclusion show that product quality, price, and distribution accuracy are significant determinants for business partners' purchase decisions at Lumos Agro Karya.
Copyright (c) 2026 Arya Yodha Wicaksana, Rifki Hani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Electronic Certificate Acceptance Based on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study investigates staff acceptance of electronic certificate adoption within an educational institution using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), focusing on key constructs: perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEOU), attitude (ATT), social influence (SI), and facilitating conditions (FC). Background Problems: The research addresses the operational and economic challenges associated with traditional printed certificates. Research Methods: A quantitative survey method was employed among academic and support staff. Data were analyzed using SPSS v25. Finding/Results: Findings reveal strong positive correlations between behavioral intention (BI) and all five predictor constructs (PU, PEOU, ATT, SI, FC). Attitude (ATT) and facilitating conditions (FC) emerged as the most significant contributing factors to adoption intention. Conclusion: The results indicate high acceptance levels among staff, driven by positive attitudes and supportive infrastructure. The insights affirm TAM's relevance in this context and suggest that enhancing usability, organizational support, and strategic communication can further improve adoption and streamline certification processes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tuty Kamis, Abd Razak Md Nor, Azilawati Adam, Muhammad Subhi Ismail https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Customer Service Quality, Wom, And Brand Trust on Credit Decisions at PT BPR Mitra Catur Mandiri
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study aims to analyze the influence of customer service quality, Word of Mouth (WOM), and brand trust on credit decision-making at PT BPR Mitra Catur Mandiri. Background Problems: The background arises from the increasingly tight competition among financial institutions, especially Rural Credit Banks (BPR), making it crucial to understand the factors that influence customer decisions to optimize marketing and service strategies. Research Methods: The research method used is a quantitative approach, distributing questionnaires to customers or potential credit customers. Data analysis uses multiple linear regression, supported by validity tests, reliability tests, and classical assumption tests to ensure model feasibility. Finding/Results: Customer service quality has a positive and significant effect on credit decision-making. Word of Mouth (WOM) has a significant but negative effect, suggesting that circulating information tends to be less positive and reduces customer interest. Brand trust has a positive and significant effect on credit decisions. Simultaneously, all three variables significantly influence credit decision-making. Conclusion: This research is expected to help PT BPR Mitra Catur Mandiri formulate strategies to improve services, manage Word of Mouth, and strengthen brand trust to enhance customer decisions in taking out credit.Keywords: service quality, Word of Mouth, brand trust, credit decision, BPR.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sintia Tri Noviasari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Service and Facility Quality on Customer Satisfaction A Case Study on My Dormy Hostel UMM
Introduction/Key Objectives: Indonesia's fast-growing accommodation industry has made Consumer Satisfaction a crucial indicator for business success, where Quality of Service and Facilities are two fundamental aspects. This study aims to explore the role of these two aspects in My Dormy Hostel UMM. Background to the Problem: While guest reviews are generally positive, there are variations in perceptions (such as cleanliness and speed of service issues) that indicate that the consistency of service and facilities needs to be improved, so this study focused on the extent to which Quality of Service and Facilities affects consumer satisfaction. Research Method: This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach to explore the phenomenon in depth. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews with guests, staff, and management, supported by field observations and documentation. The collected data were analyzed using the Miles & Huberman interactive model (reduction, presentation, and drawing of conclusions). Findings/Results: The results of the study show that Quality of Service (especially the dimensions of Empathy and Responsiveness) is the most significant factor driving satisfaction. However, there are recurring quality gaps in the facilities, particularly on the issue of noise in communal areas and inconsistencies of Wi-Fi and hot water. Conclusion: The conclusion of this discussion is that very high Quality of Service has succeeded in acting as a mitigation factor that mitigates the negative impact of lack of facilities, so that consumers as a whole still feel worth it and recommend the hostel. The implications of this study suggest that hostel management should immediately address the issue of noise and technical inconsistencies in order to maintain consumer loyalty.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dicky Herdyanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of GMV Max Advertising and Affiliate Marketing Through Store Traffic on Business Sustainability Among Hijab Fashion MSMEs on the TikTok Shop Platform
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study aims to analyze the influence of GMV Max Advertising and Affiliate Marketing on the business sustainability of hijab fashion MSMEs operating on TikTok Shop. The increasing reliance of MSMEs on social e-commerce, combined with the dynamic nature of platform algorithms, underscores the need for businesses to understand the effectiveness of digital marketing strategies in maintaining long-term sustainability. Background Problems: This research addresses the question: “Do GMV Max Advertising and Affiliate Marketing affect Business Sustainability, either directly or through Store Traffic as a mediating variable?” Novelty: The novelty of this study lies in examining two distinct marketing strategies—algorithm-driven advertising and creator-driven promotion—within a single structural model directed toward business sustainability. Prior studies have typically focused on advertising or influencer effectiveness separately and have not explored the mediating role of store traffic in the context of hijab fashion MSMEs on TikTok Shop. Research Methods: This study employs an explanatory quantitative approach using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). A total of 100 respondents, consisting of buyers and MSME operators in the hijab fashion category on TikTok Shop, were surveyed. Four latent constructs with 16 indicators were analyzed to evaluate direct effects, indirect effects, and the mediating role of store traffic. Finding/Results: The results reveal that GMV Max Advertising does not significantly influence store traffic or business sustainability. In contrast, Affiliate Marketing has a significant effect on both variables. Store traffic also significantly contributes to business sustainability and partially mediates the relationship between Affiliate Marketing and sustainability outcomes. Conclusion: The study concludes that creator-driven marketing strategies are more effective than automated advertising in fostering business sustainability among hijab fashion MSMEs on TikTok Shop. These findings highlight the importance of organic exposure, consumer trust, and creator credibility in sustaining MSME performance within social commerce platforms.
Copyright (c) 2026 Diah Nur Fatonah, Widi Dewi Ruspitasari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Technological Adaptation For MSME Actors In RW 04 Area Ketawanggede, Malang City
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study examines how technological adaptation influences the activities and development of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the RW 04 Ketawanggede area of Malang City. As digital transformation accelerates, MSMEs face increasing pressure to adopt digital tools to enhance efficiency, expand markets, and remain competitive. Understanding this adaptation process is essential for identifying gaps and opportunities in local digitalization efforts. Background Problems:The study addresses the central question: To what extent does technological adaptation shape MSME performance, and what barriers hinder the digital adoption process among MSME actors in Ketawanggede? Research Methods: A descriptive qualitative method was employed, with data collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation involving five MSME actors in Ketawanggede. Data were analyzed using the Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña interactive model through stages of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, supported by source and method triangulation. Findings/Results: The study finds that MSMEs benefit from increased efficiency, improved communication, and broader market access when adopting digital tools such as WhatsApp, QRIS, and social media. However, elderly MSME actors experience significant barriers, including limited digital skills and reliance on informal learning, while government support in the form of training is largely absent. Digital adaptation thus progresses unevenly, driven mainly by consumer demands—especially students—and assistance from younger family members. Conclusion: Technological adaptation plays a crucial role in strengthening MSME competitiveness, but the digital divide persists among actors with low digital literacy. Effective digital transformation requires targeted and inclusive interventions, particularly for elderly MSME owners. Strengthening localized digital literacy programs and providing structured mentoring can help ensure that MSME digitalization progresses more evenly and sustainably.
Copyright (c) 2026 Havisa Ramadhan Raharjo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Purchase Decision Drivers in Digital Transactions: The Role of QRIS, Product Quality, and Brand Trust
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study examines the drivers of purchase decisions in digital healthcare transactions, focusing on the role of QRIS payment convenience, product quality, and brand trust. The rapid adoption of QRIS in Indonesia has improved transaction efficiency, yet evidence suggests that technological ease alone does not guarantee purchase conversion in health-related retail. Understanding how these factors interact is crucial for designing strategies that combine digital convenience with consumer confidence. Background Problems: Despite seamless QRIS adoption at ONEMED Malang, inconsistencies between transaction completion and sustained loyalty persist. This study addresses the research question: How do QRIS convenience, product quality, and brand trust jointly influence consumer purchase decisions in digital healthcare retail? Research Methods: A quantitative explanatory approach was employed using a cross-sectional survey of 460 ONEMED consumers who completed QRIS transactions. Data were collected via structured questionnaires and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4. Finding/Results: The results show that perceived product quality exerts the strongest direct effect on purchase decisions (β = 0.4277), followed by QRIS convenience (β = 0.3306). Both QRIS convenience and product quality significantly influence brand trust, which partially mediates their impact on purchase decisions. The model explains 69.7% of the variance in purchase decisions, indicating high predictive power. Conclusion: Purchase decisions in digital healthcare retail are primarily driven by product quality, supported by QRIS convenience and brand trust. Technological ease alone is insufficient; strategies must integrate quality assurance and trust-building initiatives to achieve sustainable loyalty. ONEMED should combine QRIS adoption with transparent quality signaling and credible communication to strengthen consumer confidence and long-term engagement.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurul Asmi, Ahmad Nizar Yogatama https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of an Artificial Intelligence-Assisted E-Certificate System at Melaka Polytechnic
This study discusses the development of an AI-assisted e-Certificate system at Melaka Polytechnic to address issues with manual certificate preparation involving long processing times, human error risks, and high operational costs. The system development methodology employed a collaborative human-AI approach where ChatGPT was used as a development assistant to generate programming code in PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and MySQL. Results show that the e-Certificate system was successfully developed with features including full automation, responsive design, and efficient data management. The system successfully reduced development costs by 85.7% compared to conventional methods, decreased certificate processing time by 82%, and improved user satisfaction with a score of 4.5/5.0. This study demonstrates the potential of AI in information system development among non-programming staff in educational institutions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Abd Razak Bin Md Nor, Azilahwati Binti Adam, Muhammad Subhi Bin Ismail, Tuty Bte Kamis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Promotion, Price, and Product Quality of Fresh Fruit Through the JSM Bazaar Program on Purchasing Decisions at Indomaret Fresh Malang
Introduction/Main Objectives:This study aims to analyze the influence of promotion, price, and product quality—both partially and simultaneously—on purchasing decisions for fresh fruit at Indomaret Fresh Malang through its JSM (Friday, Saturday, Sunday) Bazaar program. Background Problems: There is significant uncertainty regarding which specific marketing factors—promotion, price, or product quality—most critically influence purchasing decisions for fresh fruit within the unique context of a time-limited promotional program (JSM Bazaar) in a modern retail setting. Although promotional strategies like the JSM Bazaar attract attention, consumer decisions are complex and not driven by promotion alone Novelty: The research provides a specific contextual contribution by examining the unique marketing strategy of the JSM Bazaar in a modern retail setting for fresh fruit products—a segment less explored compared to studies on durable goods or services. Research Methods: This research employs a quantitative approach with a survey method. The population comprises Indomaret Fresh Malang consumers who purchased fresh fruit at the JSM Bazaar. A sample of 96 respondents was determined using the Cochran formula and simple random sampling. Data were collected via a 4-point Likert scale questionnaire and analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS. Finding/Results: Promotion, price, and product quality each have a positive and significant partial effect on purchasing decisions. Simultaneously, these three variables have a significant positive effect on purchasing decisions.Product quality emerges as the most dominant influencing factor. Conclusion: The findings offer practical strategic recommendations for Indomaret Fresh to optimize its marketing mix, emphasizing the critical role of product quality alongside promotion and pricing within the JSM Bazaar framework.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmad Fatoni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Employee Green Value and Green HRM in Strengthening Proactive Personality toward Green Innovation in East Java Restaurants
Introduction/Main Objectives: This paper examines how proactive personality, employee green value, and green human resource management (GHRM) influence green innovative work behavior in restaurant SMEs in East Java. The study emphasizes sustainability in the culinary sector, highlighting how proactive traits and organizational practices support environmentally responsible innovation. Background Problems: Restaurant SMEs are increasingly pressured to reduce waste and improve energy efficiency, demanding more sustainable operations. This raises the key question of how proactive employee traits and organizational green practices work together to shape employees’ green innovative work behavior. Novelty: Research integrating employee green value as a mediator and GHRM as a moderator in the restaurant SME context remains limited. This study offers novelty by combining these variables in one empirical model to explain how green innovative behavior emerges in small business environments. Research Methods: The study uses a quantitative approach with survey data collected from 280 respondents selected through purposive–accidental sampling. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4.1.1.4 to test direct, indirect, and moderating effects among variables. Finding/Results: Results show that proactive personality significantly increases both employee green value and green innovative work behavior. Employee green value also positively affects innovative behavior and mediates the relationship between proactive personality and green innovation. In addition, GHRM strengthens the effect of proactive personality on green innovative work behavior. Conclusion: The study concludes that proactive personality, strong green values, and GHRM practices jointly promote environmentally innovative behavior. The key implication is that restaurant SMEs should strengthen GHRM through green recruitment, environmental training, and sustainability-based performance evaluation to build an innovative and sustainable work culture.
Copyright (c) 2026 Intan Zakiya Khusna, Widiya Dewi Anjaningrum, Janice Soro Cucio https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Renewable Paradox in Sustainable Battery Energy
Introduction/Main Objectives: Explores life cycle assessment (LCA) environmental impact arising growth renewable energy and electric vehicles, increasing battery waste and associated threat of heavy metal (cadmium, lead, mercury) pollution to ecosystems and natural resources. Background Problems: Intersection renewable energy development and battery waste management problem of hazardous heavy metal contamination. Addresses research question: “How can advanced battery recycling strategies prevent environmental contamination and enhance energy sector sustainability—transforming a potential ‘renewable paradox’ into a systemic solution? Research Methods: Life cycle assessment (LCA), regulatory review, and analysis of industry recycling practices in both Asia and Africa to comprehensively evaluate Finding/Results: Reveal that discarded batteries can raise soil and water heavy metal concentrations up to 50-fold, while robust recycling measures substantially decrease carbon emissions and mitigate ecosystem toxicity. Conclusion: Integrating renewable energy expansion with sustainable battery waste management is critical to ecosystem health. Adoption of circular economy principles and national policy frameworks is shown to significantly reduce environmental risks while supporting a resilient green energy transition.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurefa Maulana, Indra Lukmana Putra, Kelei David Chol Kelei https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Mini Steam Lab-Innovative Sustainable Teaching Aids Acceptance Among Student In Rural Primary School
Introduction/Main Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate primary students' perceptions of the MIRO (Mini STEAM Lab-Innovative Sustainable Teaching Aids) adoption within schools using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), focusing on key constructs like perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitude, and environmental and sustainability awareness. Background Problems: Many schools face challenges in providing effective hands-on STEAM learning due to limited resources, a lack of interactive materials, and an over-reliance on conventional textbooks, which often reduces student engagement and comprehension. Novelty: This study introduces the basic Mini STEAM Lab-Innovative Sustainable Teaching Aids (MIRO) as an innovative and sustainable tool to demonstrate STEAM principles and their real-world application, addressing gaps in interactive learning resources. Research Methods: A quasi-experimental design was conducted among secondary school students in rural areas. The study utilized pre- and post-tests, classroom observations, and feedback from students and teachers. Data from the pre- and post-tests were analyzed using SPSS v25. Finding/Results: The paired samples t-test showed that all constructs (perceived usefulness, ease of use, attitude, environmental and sustainability awareness, and behavioral intention) improved significantly from pre-test to post-test (p < .001), indicating a significant positive impact on the students. Conclusion: The findings suggest that by improving usability, reinforcing sustainability themes, and strengthening instructional support, MIRO can foster deeper student engagement with STEAM concepts and promote greater environmental responsibility among school students.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tuty Kamis, Azlina Nordin, Navineshwarran V Rajeswaran, Muhammad Syafiq Zulkifli, Afifa Nur Jannah Mohd Rohim, Nur Athirah Balqis Mohd Faizal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Mediating Role of Innovative Behavior in Price–Intention Dynamics of Electric Vehicle Adoption
Introduction: This study examines how facilitating conditions and price influence EV purchase intention, a market experiencing rapid policy-driven momentum but still facing substantial consumer-side barriers. Understanding these behavioral drivers is increasingly important as adoption decisions. Background Problems: Despite strong government incentives, EV uptake remains slow due to concerns about charging infrastructure, operational reliability, and perceived economic risks; therefore, this study asks: How do facilitating conditions, price, and consumer innovativeness interact to shape EV purchase intention in Indonesia? Research Methods: A quantitative causality design was applied using data from 362 prospective EV consumers across six major Indonesian cities. Structured questionnaires were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Results: The results show that both facilitating conditions and price significantly increase EV purchase intention. Both variables also positively influence innovative behavior. Innovative behavior directly enhances intention and mediates the effect of price on intention, but does not mediate the effect of facilitating conditions. Conclusion: EV purchase intention in Indonesia is driven by a combination of infrastructure readiness, economic considerations, and consumers’ innovative tendencies. While enabling conditions exert a strong direct impact, favorable price perceptions stimulate innovativeness, which in turn strengthens intention.
Copyright (c) 2026 Agus Purnomo Sidi, Hironimus Hari Kurniawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Study of Energy Efficiency And Thermal Performance of A Smart Shoe Drying System In Supporting Green Technology Applications
Introduction/Main Objectives: The purpose of this study is to understand the energy efficiency and thermal characteristics of using Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) heaters in a smart shoe drying system, to support the development of sustainable and energy-efficient Green Technology innovations. Background Problems: Current shoe-drying methods are inefficient and problematic. Air-drying is slow, while using hair dryers or heaters wastes energy and risks damage due to overheating and lack of temperature control. While a new smart dryer with a PTC heater has been designed to solve this, its actual energy efficiency and thermal performance remain unstudied. Without examining its electricity use, how shoe type affects drying, and how well it converts energy to evaporate moisture, it's unclear if this system is truly an effective and sustainable green technology. Research Methods: The smart shoe drying system was tested using three shoe types (sports shoes, casual shoes, and safety boots) at a controlled operating temperature of 45°C (±0.5°C) with a 240V AC power supply. Drying time was measured with a digital stopwatch, energy consumption with a multi-meter, and water mass by weighing the shoes before and after wetting. Finding/Results: Sports shoes dried the fastest (24 minutes) and had the highest energy efficiency at 50.2%. Safety boots and casual shoes showed lower efficiencies of 33.7% and 29.7%, respectively. Energy consumption per drying cycle ranged from 0.874 to 1.674 kWh, classifying the system below the moderate consumption range. The PTC heater's self-limiting temperature feature ensured stable operation without additional thermal controls, minimizing overheating risks and energy loss. The 3D-printed drying chamber effectively promoted rapid evaporation and maintained safety. Conclusion: This smart shoe drying system qualifies as a small-scale green electrical appliance with significant potential. Future upgrades integrating solar energy and IoT optimization could position it as a class A+ energy-saving device within domestic sustainable development frameworks.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nur Rafiqah Rosly, Siti Khalijah Shuib, Mohamad Shahril Ibrahim; Noor Mayafaraniza Kosnan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Building An Excellent Employee Experience: Analysis of Diversity & Inclusion, Learning Agility, And Culture Fit In Improving Performance Recognition
Introduction/Main Objectives:This study aims to analyze the influence of Diversity & Inclusion (DI), Learning Agility (LA), and Culture Fit (CF) on Employee Experience (EE) and its impact on Performance Recognition (PR), while also assessing the mediating role of EE in these relationships. Background Problems: In the modern work era, organizations often struggle to translate key HR and organizational initiatives such as diversity programs, learning opportunities, and cultural alignment into a consistently positive employee experience that effectively enhances performance recognition. Novelty:The novelty lies in examining the combined effect of three strategic organizational factors (DI, LA, CF) on Employee Experience and Performance Recognition within a unified model, and specifically testing EE as a mediator in these relationshipsan approach that clarifies how these variables interact to influence recognition outcomes. Research Methods:The study uses a quantitative explanatory approach. The population includes employees, managers, and HR professionals in Malang City, East Java, with a sample of 105 respondents. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and path analysis. Finding/Results: Diversity & Inclusion (DI), Learning Agility (LA), and Culture Fit (CF) each have a positive and significant effect on Employee Experience (EE). DI, LA, and CF also have a direct positive effect on Performance Recognition (PR). Employee Experience (EE) is a dominant factor that significantly influences Performance Recognition (PR). Mediation tests show that EE does not mediate the relationship between DI and PR or between LA and PR, but does act as a mediator in the relationship between CF and PR. Conclusion: Building an inclusive culture, improving learning agility, and strengthening cultural fit are important strategies for creating a positive employee experience, which in turn enhances performance recognition. The findings highlight the central role of employee experience, particularly as a mediator between cultural alignment and recognition outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yunus Handoko, Mohammad Zainuddin, Muh Bukhori, Ike Kusdyah Rachmawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect Training,Organizational Support, and Motivation on Employee Performance at PT Wahana Makmur Sejati
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study examines the influence of training, organizational support, and work motivation on employee performance at PT Wahana Makmur Sejati (WMS). The objective is to understand how these factors affect employee performance both individually and collectively. Background Problems: Although PT Wahana Makmur Sejati has implemented employee training programs and provided organizational support in physical, psychological, and social forms, it remains necessary to evaluate whether these efforts effectively improve employee performance. In addition, the role of work motivation in shaping performance outcomes requires further examination. Research Methods: A quantitative approach was employed involving 82 respondents. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using validity and reliability testing, classical assumption tests, and multiple linear regression analysis. Findings/Results: The results show that training, organizational support, and motivation have positive effects on employee performance. Training and motivation have a positive and significant effect on performance, while organizational support, although influential, does not show a statistically significant effect. Conclusion: The study concludes that employee performance at PT Wahana Makmur Sejati is significantly improved through effective training and strong work motivation. Organizational support contributes to performance but has not yet been optimized, indicating the need to strengthen recognition and appreciation from supervisors to further enhance employee performance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Isnawati Puspita https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Curriculum Management, Self-Management, and Religiosity on the Performance of Junior Sisters in Achieving Juniorate Educational Goals in Indonesia
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study aims to analyze the influence of curriculum management, self-management, and religiosity on the performance of junior sisters in achieving the educational goals of the juniorate period within the Congregation of the Sisters of the Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel in Indonesia. Background Problems: Achieving educational goals during the juniorate period requires effective formation processes. Understanding how curriculum management, individual self-management, and religiosity contribute to performance is essential for improving educational outcomes within religious congregations. Research Methods: A quantitative associative research design was employed. The population consisted of 30 junior sisters, all of whom were included as respondents using a saturated sampling technique. Data were collected through a validated and reliable five-point Likert-scale questionnaire. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression using IBM SPSS version 29, supported by classical assumption tests. Findings/Results: The results indicate that curriculum management, self-management, and religiosity have positive and significant effects on junior sisters’ performance, both partially and simultaneously. Conclusion: The study concludes that effective curriculum management, strong self-management skills, and deeply internalized religiosity are crucial in enhancing performance and supporting the achievement of educational goals during the juniorate period. Keywords: curriculum management, self-management, religiosity, performance, junior sisters
Copyright (c) 2026 Menri Pintu Batu, Yunus Handoko, Wedi Dewi Ruspitasari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Lifestyle, Word of Mouth (WOM) and Perceived Value on the Decision to Use Nail Services at Puspi Nails Badung Bali
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study aims to determine whether lifestyle, word of mouth, and perceived value influence consumers’ decisions to use nail care services at Puspi Nails. The objective is to examine both partial and simultaneous effects of these factors on service usage decisions. Background Problems: Consumer decisions in the beauty service industry are increasingly influenced by personal lifestyle, information shared through word of mouth, and perceptions of value. Understanding these factors is important for service providers such as Puspi Nails in attracting and retaining customers. Research Methods: The population of this study consisted of Puspi Nails customers from July to September 2025. A sample of 100 customers was used as research respondents. Findings/Results: The results indicate that lifestyle, word of mouth, and perceived value each have a partial effect on the decision to use nail services. In addition, all three variables simultaneously influence consumers’ decisions to use nail services at Puspi Nails. Conclusion: The study concludes that lifestyle, word of mouth, and perceived value play important roles in shaping consumers’ decisions to use nail services at Puspi Nails
Copyright (c) 2026 Puspita Widyantari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence Of Organizational Climate, Leadership, And Work Motivation On The Productivity Of Civil Servants
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study aims to analyse the influence of organisational climate, leadership, and work motivation on the productivity of civil servants (ASN) at the Regional Development Planning, Research, and Development Agency (Bappedalitbang) of Lamandau Regency, Central Kalimantan. Background Problems: Improving civil servant productivity is a strategic issue in local government institutions. Identifying organisational and motivational factors that contribute to productivity is essential for enhancing public sector performance. Research Methods: A quantitative survey approach was employed. The research population consisted of all ASN at Bappedalitbang Lamandau Regency, using a non-probability sampling technique. Data were collected through validated and reliable questionnaires and analysed using multiple linear regression and hypothesis testing. Findings/Results: The results indicate that organisational climate, leadership, and work motivation each have a positive and significant partial effect on productivity. Simultaneously, these variables also have a positive and significant influence on civil servant productivity. Conclusion: The study concludes that a conducive organisational climate, effective leadership, and strong work motivation are key determinants of civil servant productivity and should inform human resource management policy in local government institutions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Juniansyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The influence of Work Motivation, Pedagogic Competence and Professionalism on Teacher Performance
Introduction/Main Objectives: Teacher effectiveness is a crucial determinant of educational quality at the primary school level. This study investigates the influence of work motivation, pedagogical competence, and professionalism on teacher performance at SD An Namiroh Pekanbaru, with the aim of identifying key factors that contribute to improved performance outcomes. Background Problems: Variations in teacher performance raise questions regarding the relative importance of motivational, competency-based, and professional factors. Understanding which variables significantly influence performance is essential for designing effective teacher development strategies. Research Methods: A quantitative approach with an explanatory research design was employed. Data were collected from all 63 teachers at SD An Namiroh Pekanbaru using closed-ended questionnaires based on a five-point Likert scale. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression techniques. Findings/Results: The findings show that pedagogical competence and professionalism have positive and significant effects on teacher performance, while work motivation does not have a significant partial effect. Professionalism emerges as the most influential factor. Together, the three variables explain 90.9% of the variance in teacher performance. Conclusion: The study concludes that enhancing professionalism and pedagogical competence should be prioritized to improve teacher performance through structured professional development programs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Suwandi, Muhammad Bukhori, Justita Dura https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Sevice Quality on Customer Loyalty with Brand Trust as a Mediating Variable : A Study of PT. Additon Karya sembada’s Admixture Products
Service quality remains a critical issue for customer retention in business-to-business (B2B) industries where operational failure may directly disrupt project performance. This study investigates how service quality influences customer loyalty and examines the role of brand trust within the Indonesian construction admixture industry, with empirical evidence drawn from PT.Additon Karya Sembada. The study is motivated by recent indications of declining customer acquisition and increasing attrition among project-based clients, suggesting potential weakness in service execution and operational reliability. A quantitative approach was employed using a cross-sectional survey of 112 active B2B customers, including distributors, contractors, and concrete producers. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS software. Service quality, brand trust and Customer loyalty were measured using established multidimensional scales adapted to the industrial context. The results reveal that service quality has a strong and statiscally significant effect on customer loyalty, as well as a significant influence on brand trust. However, brand trust does not demonstrate a significant impact on customer loyalty and does not function as a mediating variable between service quality and loyalty. These findings indicate that, within performance-oriented B2B markets, customer loyalty is primarily shaped by tangible service outcomes such as delivery reliability, responsiveness, and technical problem resolution rather than by trust-based or emotional considerations. This study contributes to the service quality and relationship marketing literature by highlighting the context-dependent role of brand trust in B2B settings. From a managerial perspective, the findings suggest that firms in the construction chemical sector should prioritize operational service excellence as a strategic mechanism for sustaining long term customer loyalty
Copyright (c) 2026 Ani Susilowati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Organizational Climate and Personality on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) With Work Motivation as a Mediating Variable
Introduction/Main Objectives: Quality education is a long-term investment that depends heavily on teachers’ professional commitment. At Xin Zhong Elementary School, a trilingual primary school in Surabaya with a multicultural teaching staff, variations in voluntary participation in extracurricular activities indicate differing levels of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB). This study aims to analyze factors influencing OCB by examining organizational climate and personality (agreeableness), with work motivation as an intervening variable. Background Problems: The inconsistency of teachers’ voluntary involvement raises questions about how contextual and individual factors contribute to OCB and whether work motivation plays a mediating role in these relationships. Research Methods: This study employed a quantitative approach. The population consisted of all 60 primary school teachers at Xin Zhong Elementary School, using a census sampling technique. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed via Google Form and analyzed using SmartPLS 4.0. Findings/Results: The results show that organizational climate and personality have positive and significant effects on work motivation and OCB. Work motivation also has a positive and significant effect on OCB and mediates the influence of organizational climate and personality on OCB. Conclusion: The study concludes that organizational climate, personality, and work motivation are key determinants of teachers’ OCB, with motivation serving as an important mediating factor. Keywords: Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB); Organizational Climate; Agreeableness; Work Motivation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hana Wallesa, Theresia Pradiani, Asriana Kibtiyah, Lussia Mariesti Andriany https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Work Discipline and Work Motivation on Employee Performance at Bank Syariah Indonesia Malang Suprapto
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study explores the influence of work discipline and motivation on employee performance at the Malang Suprapto Branch of Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI). Understanding these factors is important for improving performance in Islamic banking institutions. Background Problems: Employee performance in banking organizations is closely linked to behavioral and motivational factors. This study focuses on identifying whether work discipline and motivation significantly affect employee performance, both individually and simultaneously. Research Methods: A quantitative approach was employed using a survey method. The research population consisted of all 30 employees at the Malang Suprapto Branch of BSI, with saturated sampling applied. Data were collected through structured Likert-scale questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression techniques. Findings/Results: The results indicate that work discipline has a positive and significant effect on employee performance (p = 0.004), and motivation also shows a positive and significant effect (p = 0.001). Simultaneously, both variables significantly influence performance (p = 0.000). The coefficient of determination (R² = 0.659) indicates that 65.9% of performance variation is explained by discipline and motivation. Conclusion: The study concludes that strengthening work discipline and motivation is essential for enhancing employee performance in Islamic banking settings.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aprialdo Firmansyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Internal Control, Internal Audit and the Prevention of Deviant Practices in Rural Banks: The Role of Corporate Governance
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study examines the effects of internal control and internal audit on the prevention of deviant practices in Rural Banks (Bank Perekonomian Rakyat/BPR) in Bengkulu Province, Indonesia, while assessing the role of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) within the governance framework. Background Problems: Deviant practices remain a critical issue in rural banking institutions, raising questions about the effectiveness of internal control, internal audit, and governance mechanisms in preventing such practices and clarifying the mediating role of GCG. Research Methods: A quantitative approach was employed. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 103 respondents consisting of management personnel and operational employees of BPRs. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). Findings/Results: The results indicate that internal control and internal audit have positive and significant effects on the prevention of deviant practices. Both variables also significantly influence the implementation of Good Corporate Governance. However, GCG does not have a significant direct effect on the prevention of deviant practices and does not mediate the relationship between internal control, internal audit, and deviant practice prevention. Conclusion: The study concludes that in rural banking institutions, the prevention of deviant practices is driven more by operational control and assurance mechanisms than by formal governance structures, highlighting limitations of GCG as a mediating mechanism in small-scale financial institutions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sutanto Gasali, Widi Dewi Ruspitasari, Tin Agustina Karnawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Teachers’ Digital Competence on Teaching Performance in SDK Marga Bhakti
Introduction/Main Objective: The rapid development of digital technology has brought significant changes to learning practices in elementary schools and has reshaped the role of teachers in the teaching and learning process. Teachers are increasingly required to possess adequate digital competence in order to design effective learning activities, utilize digital learning media, and support students’ learning needs in a technology-driven environment. This study aims to examine the influence of teachers’ digital competence on teaching performance at SDK Marga Bhakti by considering the role of school system support in facilitating the implementation of digital technology in education. Background of the Problem: Although the use of digital technology in schools has been encouraged through training programs and the provision of facilities, differences in the ability of teachers and parents to adapt to technology are still evident. Some teachers are able to integrate digital tools effectively into classroom activities, while others continue to rely on conventional teaching methods due to limited experience and assistance. In addition, the management and distribution of digital information in schools require supporting roles to ensure that technology utilization can be implemented consistently and sustainably. Research Method: This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach. The research subjects consisted of the school principal, a teacher, and a school administrator at SDK Marga Bhakti. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, classroom observations, and analysis of learning-related documents. The data were analyzed in stages through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the research findings. Findings/Results: The results show that teachers’ digital competence plays an important role in supporting teaching performance, particularly in lesson planning, the implementation of teaching and learning activities, and communication with students and parents. The use of digital technology contributes to more interactive learning and higher student engagement. Furthermore, technology utilization becomes more optimal when supported by the role of school administrators in managing digital systems and disseminating information. Conclusion: This study concludes that the improvement of teachers’ teaching performance depends not only on teachers’ digital competence but also on school system support, including consistent policies, administrative support, and sustainable assistance in the use of digital technology.
Copyright (c) 2026 Adrian Noven https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The influence of organizational culture and psychosocial safety climate on employee performance through leadership style
Introduction/Main Objectives: The transformation of the global electricity sector requires strong human resource management effectiveness to sustain organizational performance. In Indonesia, PT PLN (Persero) Project Management Center (PUSMANPRO) plays a strategic role in national electricity development. Although organizational achievements show a positive trend, internal performance variations suggest that additional human factors may influence employee performance outcomes. This study examines how corporate culture and psychosocial safety climate affect employee performance, both directly and through leadership style. Background Problems: This study addresses the problem of misalignment between organizational indicators and human resource indicators at PLN PUSMANPRO by exploring the research question: How do corporate culture and psychosocial safety climate influence employee performance directly and indirectly through leadership style? Research Methods: This research applied a quantitative approach with a mediating associative design. Primary data were collected using an online Likert-scale questionnaire from 132 employees, selected through stratified random sampling from a population of 371. Four variables were measured: corporate culture (AKHLAK values), psychosocial safety climate (PSC dimensions), leadership style (four leadership styles), and employee performance (three performance dimensions). Data were analyzed using SEM–PLS to assess structural relationships, including mediation effects. Finding/Results: The results indicate that corporate culture and psychosocial safety climate significantly affect leadership style. Corporate culture and leadership style significantly influence employee performance. However, psychosocial safety climate does not directly influence performance. Leadership style partially mediates the effect of corporate culture and fully mediates the effect of psychosocial safety climate on performance outcomes. Conclusion: Corporate culture is a key determinant of employee performance improvement, and leadership style serves as a crucial linking mechanism between cultural and psychosocial conditions and performance. The findings reinforce theoretical frameworks connecting organizational culture, psychosocial climate, and leadership to performance. Practically, they highlight the need to strengthen work culture and leadership quality to support sustainable performance improvement within PLN PUSMANPRO.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ardian Rizkytama, Ike Kusdyah Rachmawati, Yunus Handoko https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Influence of Competence, Work Motivation, and Work Environment on Productivity at PT Binuang Mitra Bersama Indonesia
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study examines the impact of competence, work motivation, and work environment on employee productivity at PT Binuang Mitra Bersama Blok Dua in Binuang City, South Kalimantan. Given the strategic importance of the mining sector to Indonesia’s economy, improving productivity through effective human resource management is essential for sustaining operational competitiveness. Background Problems: Employee productivity in mining companies is influenced by multiple human resource factors. Identifying how competence, motivation, and the work environment contribute to productivity is crucial for designing effective workforce management strategies. Research Methods: A quantitative causal-associative approach was employed. The sample consisted of 70 permanent employees selected from a population of 196 using the Slovin formula. Data were collected through questionnaires from May to June 2025. The analysis included validity and reliability testing, classical assumption tests (normality, multicollinearity, and heteroskedasticity), and hypothesis testing using F-tests and t-tests. Findings/Results: The results indicate that competence, work motivation, and work environment each have a positive and significant effect on employee productivity, both partially and simultaneously. Conclusion: The study concludes that a holistic human resource strategy emphasizing competence development, motivation enhancement, and a supportive work environment is essential for achieving sustainable productivity improvements.
Copyright (c) 2026 Devina Azharia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of The Effect of Price Perception, Promotion Media, And Ease of Processing on customer decisions in utilizing PLN's Power-Up Promo Program at PT PLN (Persero) UP3 Pasuruan
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study examines the influence of price perception, promotional media, and ease of process on customer decisions to use the power-added promotional program at PT PLN (Persero) UP3 Pasuruan. Amid increasing electricity demand driven by technological advancement and economic growth, effective promotional strategies are required to improve service quality and electricity sales. Background Problems: Although the power-added promotional program has been implemented as a strategic initiative, customer participation at PLN UP3 Pasuruan remains suboptimal. This condition is associated with differences in customer price perceptions, limited utilization of promotional media, and perceived complexity in the service process, which may hinder customer decision-making. Research Methods: This study employs a quantitative approach using a survey method. Data were collected through structured questionnaires distributed to 260 respondents. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS version 26 to examine the partial and simultaneous effects of the independent variables on customer decisions. Findings/Results: The results indicate that price perception, promotional media, and ease of process each have a positive and significant effect on customer decisions, both partially and simultaneously. Conclusion: The study concludes that transparent pricing information, effective use of diverse promotional media, and simplified service processes are crucial in enhancing customer decisions and participation in power-added promotional programs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mochamad Rizal Fauzi, Widi Dewi Ruspitasari, Ronald Suryaputra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Psychosocial Attachment As A Driver of Alumni Engagement In TVET Institutions In Malaysia
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study examines the role of alumni psychosocial attachment as a key driver of alumni engagement in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) institutions in Malaysia, while also evaluating the mediating role of institutional support. Background Problems: Many higher education institutions, including TVET colleges, seek to foster lasting relationships with their graduates to build support networks and enhance institutional reputation, but often struggle to understand the key drivers that lead to sustained alumni engagement. Novelty: The research introduces a focused investigation into psychosocial attachment—comprising dimensions of connectedness and gratitude—as a primary driver of alumni engagement within the TVET context, and uniquely tests institutional support as a mediating variable in this relationship. Research Methods: A quantitative survey-based design was employed, involving 410 alumni from TVET institutions under the Department of Polytechnic and Community College Education (JPPKK). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression. Finding/Results: The level of alumni psychosocial attachment (connectedness and gratitude) is high.A strong and statistically significant positive relationship exists between psychosocial attachment and alumni engagement. Hierarchical regression analysis shows that institutional support does not function as a mediating variable, as its contribution is minimal and statistically insignificant. Conclusion: Psychosocial attachment is a critical direct determinant of alumni engagement, while institutional support does not play a mediating role. The findings emphasize the need for TVET institutions to strengthen psychosocial bonds with students early in their educational journey to foster lasting post-graduation engagement.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hadijah Binti Kodiron, Shameira Binti Md Apandi, Zuraini binti Zainal Abidin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Professional and Social Competence and Teaching Motivation on Teacher Performance
Introduction/Main Objectives:This study examines the effects of professional competence, social competence, and teaching motivation on teacher performance. Background Problems: Enhancing teacher performance requires more than professional skills alone; it also depends on effective social interaction and strong teaching motivation, which are often overlooked in professional development efforts. Research Methods: The research uses a quantitative approach with multiple linear regression analysis. Finding/Results: Professional competence, social competence, and teaching motivation each have a positive and significant effect on teacher performance,Together, these three variables significantly influence teacher performance and explain approximately 71% of its variance (R² ≈ 0.71). Conclusion:The findings underscore the importance of integrating both competence development (professional and social) and motivational support to improve teacher performance in educational settings.
Copyright (c) 2026 Briggita W Diana, Fathorrahman Fathorrahman, Dany Moenindyah Handarini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Digital Promotion, School Service Quality, And Brand Image on Parents' Decisions In Choosing SMP Swasta Rk Bintang Timur Pematangsiantar
Introduction/Main Objectives: The intensifying competition among private educational institutions requires schools to excel not only academically but also in building trust and appeal to parents as the primary decision-makers in school selection. Background Problems: Enhancing teacher performance requires more than professional skills alone; it also depends on effective social interaction and strong teaching motivation, which are often overlooked in professional development efforts. Novelty : The novelty of this study lies in the simultaneous testing of the influence of digital promotion, school service quality, and brand image on parental decisions within the context of private schools in non-metropolitan areas, a setting that remains empirically under-researched, particularly at the junior high school level. Research Methods: This study employs an associative quantitative approach with a survey method. The research population consisted of 376 parents of grade VII students for the 2025/2026 academic year. A sample of 194 respondents was determined using the Slovin formula with a 5% margin of error, selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected via Likert-scale questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression in SPSS. Finding/Results: The findings indicate that partially, digital promotion has a positive but non-significant effect on parental decisions. Conversely, service quality and brand image have a positive and significant influence. Simultaneously, digital promotion, service quality, and brand image significantly influence parents' decisions in choosing the school. Conclusion: This study concludes that parental decisions in choosing a school are more heavily influenced by perceived service quality and trust in the school's image than by digital promotion alone. Therefore, schools should prioritize enhancing service quality and strengthening their brand image while continuing to utilize digital promotion as a supportive tool for communication and information.
Copyright (c) 2026 Posman Alponsus Simarmata, Teguh Widodo, Tin Agustina Karnawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Teacher Quality, School Image, and Digital Marketing on Parents’ Decisions in Choosing SMP RK Bintang Timur Rantauprapat
Introduction/Main Objectives: Parents' decision in selecting a junior high school is a critical process influenced by a combination of rational evaluation and perceived value. In a competitive educational landscape, understanding the key determinants of this choice is essential for school management and strategic development. Background Problems: This research was motivated by the fluctuating and recently declining enrollment rates at SMP RK Bintang Timur Rantauprapat, a private Catholic school in Labuhan Batu, North Sumatra. This trend suggested potential issues related to perceived educational quality, institutional reputation, or modern communication strategies, necessitating an empirical investigation into the primary drivers of parental preference. Novelty: While previous studies have examined these factors in urban or general school contexts, this research provides specific insights into the dynamics of parental choice for a private Catholic junior high school in a non-metropolitan Indonesian setting, integrating traditional quality indicators with contemporary digital outreach strategies. Research Methods: Employing a quantitative approach, this study surveyed 161 parents of seventh-grade students using a saturated sampling technique. Data was collected via a structured questionnaire and analyzed using multiple linear regression in SPSS version 26. Finding/Results: Teacher quality, school image, and digital marketing each have a positive and significant influence on parents’ decisions.Together, these three variables also have a significant simultaneous effect. Digital marketing emerged as the most dominant influencing variable. Conclusion: The study concludes that parents' decisions are multidimensional. To enhance competitiveness and attractiveness, schools must adopt an integrated strategy that prioritizes effective digital marketing to build visibility and engagement, consistently cultivate a positive school image, and continuously strengthen teacher quality. This holistic approach is vital for sustaining parental trust and preference in a digital era.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lasder Sinaga, Tin Agustina Karnawati, Teguh Widodo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Online Customer Reviews and Rating Perceptions on Intention to Buy in Housewives of Shopee Users
Introduction/Main Objectives: E-commerce marketplaces increasingly rely on user-generated information cues—particularly online customer reviews and star ratings—to reduce uncertainty and shape consumer decision-making. This study examines how Online Customer Reviews (OCR) and Rating Perceptions (RP) influence Intention to Buy (PI) among housewives who use Shopee, a segment often responsible for household purchasing decisions and budgeting. Background Problems: Despite extensive use of reviews and ratings on Shopee, it remains unclear whether housewives’ purchase intention is driven more by review content, rating cues, or their combined (interaction) effect. Research Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional survey design was employed and analyzed using PLS-SEM (SmartPLS 4.0). The measurement and structural models were evaluated using standardized PLS estimation and bootstrapping with 5,000 subsamples (two-tailed, α = 0.05) to test path significance and confidence intervals. Finding/Results: Bootstrapping results indicate that OCR has a significant positive effect on PI (β = 0.4577; t = 5.0052; p = 0.000001; 95% CI [0.2475, 0.6111]) and RP also has a significant positive effect on PI (β = 0.3613; t = 4.5139; p = 0.000007; 95% CI [0.2082, 0.5224]). The interaction effect (OCR×RP → PI) is not significant (β = −0.0347; t = 0.9464; p = 0.3440; 95% CI [−0.1119, 0.0300]). The model explains substantial variance in PI (R² = 0.737; Adjusted R² = 0.733) with acceptable fit (SRMR = 0.0689 saturated; 0.0659 estimated; NFI ≈ 0.84–0.85). Conclusion: The main take-home message is that reviews and ratings independently increase housewives’ intention to buy on Shopee, but they do not reinforce each other through a synergistic interaction. Practically, sellers and platforms should prioritize improving review informativeness and maintaining rating credibility, as both cues materially support purchase intention.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yasinta Lady Eka Verlia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Digital Trust Paradox: A Netnographic Analysis of Gen Z Consumer Interactions with AI Chatbots on E-Commerce Platforms
Introduction/Main Objectives: The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into customer service has fundamentally changed the landscape of business-consumer interactions. As a group of digital natives, Generation Z (Gen Z) are the primary users of this technology, but their relationship with automation is often ambivalent. Background Problems: Although AI chatbots offer 24/7 operational efficiency for e-commerce platforms, there is a fundamental problem regarding the “digital trust crisis.” Gen Z consumers often feel frustrated by the lack of empathy and the failure of chatbots to handle the complexity of personal issues, which can actually reduce brand loyalty. The tension between technological convenience and the need for a human touch creates a trust paradox. Novelty: This study makes a new contribution by exploring the “digital trust paradox” through the lens of netnography. Unlike previous studies that mostly used quantitative methods (surveys), this study entered the organic discursive space of Gen Z communities on social media MSMEs to capture their resistance and adaptation behaviors towards AI that are not detected by standard statistics. Research Methods: This study uses a qualitative approach with a netnography method to explore the subjective experiences of Gen Z consumers in depth in the digital space. The study focuses on the MSME (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises) Chatbot User Association, a digital community fostered by PT Permodalan Nasional Madani (PNM) in Malang, East Java. Finding/Results: The results indicate a clear manifestation of the "Digital Trust Paradox," characterized by the tension between operational efficiency and the need for human empathy. Furthermore, the "Experience" attribute defined as cognitive and emotional engagement—was found to be the weakest link in current AI interactions. Conclusion: The Digital Trust Paradox is a call for Empathetic Systems (system refers to the mental and neurological processes that allow a person to understand, share, and respond to the emotions of others).
Copyright (c) 2026 Adji Mei Djiang Tono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Smartsense Trolley System: A Case Study on Econsave Plaza Pandan Malim Among Employees and Customers
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study examines the development and evaluation of the Smart Sense Trolley System, an Internet of Things (IoT)-based solution designed to address trolley loss, misplacement, and operational inefficiencies in retail environments. Background Problems: Retail environments face persistent issues such as trolley theft, improper customer usage, substantial replacement costs, and labor inefficiencies in managing trolley assets. Novelty: The novelty lies in the integration of an ESP32 microcontroller, GPS module, geofencing alerts, and Telegram-based notifications into a single IoT-enabled system for real-time trolley monitoring and perimeter control. Research Methods: A mixed-method approach was employed. Quantitative data were collected from 52 respondents to assess acceptance and perceived effectiveness. Qualitative insights were gathered through interviews with supermarket managers. Finding/Results: Quantitative findings showed high acceptance, with mean scores ranging from 4.29 to 4.48 across dimensions of usability, convenience, system quality, and operational impact. Qualitative findings confirmed persistent issues of theft, improper usage, and high replacement costs. Respondents affirmed the system's potential to reduce labor needs, enhance asset management, and improve the shopping experience. The system was deemed a practical and cost-efficient innovation aligned with national digitalization and sustainability goals. Conclusion: The Smart Sense Trolley System significantly contributes to improving operational efficiency, supporting responsible resource management, and strengthening smart retail practices.
Copyright (c) 2026 Shahrulnizam Bin Bakar, Hudaa Binti Mohd Shariza, Athiroh Izzati Binti Alfi Irwan, Nurul Hanis Binti Yazid, Danenthiri Ganesan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Job Satisfaction and Employee Engagement on Employee Loyalty through Managerial Trustworthiness: A Study at PT. Additon Karya Sembada in Surabaya
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study aims to determine and analyze: 1) the effect of job satisfaction on employee loyalty, 2) the effect of job satisfaction on managerial trustworthiness, 3) the effect of employee engagement on employee loyalty, 4) the effect of employee engagement on managerial trustworthiness, 5) the effect of managerial trustworthiness on employee loyalty, 6) the mediating role of managerial trustworthiness in the relationship between job satisfaction and employee loyalty, and 7) the mediating role of managerial trustworthiness in the relationship between employee engagement and employee loyalty at PT Additon Karya Sembada. Background Problems: The dynamics of business competition often lead companies to adopt policies that are not well-received by their employees, which in turn negatively impacts employee loyalty—a key factor in organizational sustainability and growth. Research Methods: The study employed a saturated (census) sampling method, using all 105 employees of PT Additon Karya Sembada as the sample. Data analysis examined both direct and indirect (mediating) effects among the variables. Finding/Results: 1) Job satisfaction has a positive but non-significant direct effect on employee loyalty, 2) Job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on managerial trustworthiness (the strongest effect), 3) Employee engagement has a positive but non-significant direct effect on employee loyalty, 4) Employee engagement has a positive and significant effect on managerial trustworthiness , 5) Managerial trustworthiness has a positive and very significant direct effect on employee loyalty, 6) Managerial trustworthiness fully mediates the relationship between job satisfaction and employee loyalty and 7) Managerial trustworthiness fully mediates the relationship between employee engagement and employee loyalty. Conclusion: Managerial trustworthiness plays a crucial full mediating role. While job satisfaction and employee engagement do not directly drive loyalty, they significantly enhance loyalty when they first build trust in management. Therefore, fostering managerial trustworthiness is essential for translating positive employee attitudes into lasting loyalty.
Copyright (c) 2026 Juliet Chandra Chan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Word of Mouth and Electronic Word of Mouth in the Consumer Purchase Decision Process of Kopi Tuku (A Case Study of Consumers in Jabodetabek)
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study explores the role of Word of Mouth (WOM) and Electronic Word of Mouth (E-WOM) in consumer purchase decisions for Kopi Tuku, focusing on how WOM triggers initial awareness and how E-WOM functions as a tool for evaluation, social validation, and risk reduction prior to purchase. Background Problems: Previous research on E-WOM is predominantly quantitative, measuring its influence without exploring how consumers perceive and interpret it in specific social contexts. Additionally, WOM and E-WOM are often treated as separate variables, overlooking their interrelationship and continuity within a single decision-making process. Research Methods: A qualitative descriptive-exploratory design was employed. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with Kopi Tuku consumers, social media observations, and documentation of digital reviews. Purposive sampling was used, and data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Finding/Results: E-WOM significantly shapes consumer trust and confidence by serving as a source of information and social validation. Its influence is strengthened by positive sentiment, narrative authenticity, and alignment with consumer identity. WOM and E-WOM operate sequentially and complementarily WOM sparks interest, while E-WOM reinforces confidence before purchase. Conclusion: E-WOM is a strategic element in local coffee marketing, building trust, social legitimacy, and emotional connection. Marketing success depends not on promotional intensity, but on a brand’s ability to generate authentic consumer experiences that stimulate organic, integrated WOM and E-WOM for sustainable brand growth.
Copyright (c) 2026 Antariksa Tarigan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Aquviva’s Digital Marketing Communication Strategy in Building Brand Awareness Among Digital Natives
Introduction/Main Objectives: The development of digital technology has changed the pattern of corporate marketing communications, particularly in building brand awareness among digital natives who are very active on digital media. Aquviva, as a bottled water brand, utilizes digital marketing communication strategies to reach this segment more effectively. Background Problems: However, the high intensity of competition among bottled water brands in the digital realm requires a communication strategy that is not only informative, but also relevant, interactive, and capable of building emotional engagement with the digital native audience. The main issue of this study is how Aquviva's digital marketing communication strategy is implemented and plays a role in building brand awareness among digital natives. Novelty: This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques were carried out through in-depth interviews with Aquviva's internal parties, observation of Aquviva's digital marketing content and activities on social media, and supporting documentation. Data analysis was carried out using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing techniques to gain an in-depth understanding of the strategies used. Research Methods: This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques were carried out through in-depth interviews with Aquviva's internal parties, observation of Aquviva's digital marketing content and activities on social media, and supporting documentation. Data analysis was carried out using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing techniques to gain an in-depth understanding of the strategies used. Finding/Results: Aquviva, as a new bottled water brand in 2025, successfully attracted digital native consumers with its creative and effective strategy through Omnichannel Content Strategy, which was proven by its success in transforming passive audiences into active participants through polls, Q&A, and user-generated content (UGC) features. Conclusion: This study concludes that effective and creative strategies for a new product can attract and captivate existing consumers, even if there are many similar products. Aquviva has proven successful in increasing brand awareness through three successful stages, namely brand recognition, brand recall, and top of mind.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mei Ling https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Principal Leadership, Teacher Competence, and School Culture on Teacher Performance at Cerdas Bangsa Elementary School Makassar
Introduction/Main Objectives: Teacher performance is the main determinant of educational success in the era of disruption. This study aims to analyze the influence of principal leadership, teacher competence, and school culture on teacher performance at Cerdas Bangsa Elementary School Makassar, a private institution with a vision of global excellence. Background Problems: Preliminary studies indicated a gap between the school's vision and the reality of teacher performance, marked by stagnation in students' problem-solving and technology competencies, as well as a high teacher turnover rate (15% per year). This study was designed to answer what dominant factors influence teacher performance in that school. Research Methods: This research uses a quantitative causal-associative approach with a survey method. The sample consisted of the entire teacher population of 35 people (saturated sampling). Data were collected through a questionnaire and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Finding/Results: The results showed that (1) school culture has a positive and significant effect on teacher performance; (2) principal leadership has a positive but insignificant effect; (3) teacher competence has a positive but insignificant effect; and (4) simultaneously, these three variables influence teacher performance with a contribution of 51.3%. Conclusion: School culture is proven to be the main foundation driving teacher performance. Principal leadership needs to transform from an administrative focus to a stronger instructional role, while high teacher competence requires innovative policy stimulation to be converted into superior performance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Wilopo Darmawangsa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Product Quality, Price, and Promotion on Consumers' Purchase Decisions
Introduction/Main Objectives: Main objectives in this study is to determine the effect of Product Quality, Price, and Promotion on AMDK Purchasing Decisions on consumers. Background Problems: In the Bottled Drinking Water (AMDK) industry, competition is increasingly intense along with the high consumer demand for quality and affordable products. Batu City with many tourists and local residents who need quality drinking water to support their activities. AMDK with the advantages of maintained water quality and natural mineral content, with competitive prices, and effective promotional strategies can create opportunities for AMDK to expand its market share. Research Methods: The method used in this study is a quantitative method. The sampling method used in this study is non-probability sampling with a sample of 100 consumers. Data collection obtained through questionnaires processed using multiple linear analysis techniques and the tests used are research instrument tests, classical assumption tests and hypothesis tests. Finding/Results: The results of this study indicate that product quality, price, and promotion have a positive and significant influence on purchasing decisions. Good product quality fosters consumer trust and satisfaction. AMDK must maintain drinking water product quality standards, including clarity, fresh taste, and beneficial mineral content. Furthermore, AMDK must ensure that the key benefits of its products are clearly and easily communicated. Conclusion: The company needs to optimize its promotional strategy to increase AMDK's competitiveness in the market. Utilizing digital media, engaging promotional campaigns, and collaborating with various parties can strengthen the brand and customer loyalty. Furthermore, well-targeted promotions not only attract new customers but also retain existing ones. Promotion plays a crucial role in shaping purchasing decisions, so the company must continuously innovate its marketing strategy to remain relevant and competitive in the Batu City market.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kalistus Rakapaksi Adwimasetyaji https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence Analysis of Rational Perceived Value and Trust on Customer’s Loyalty Through Customer’s Satisfaction Among Gen Z in South Jakarta
Introduction/Main Objectives: The current research aims to explain the correlation between independent variable of rational perceived value and trust. Then, they are being correlated with customer’s satisfaction as mediator variable and customer’s loyalty as dependent variable. Background Problems: Online food delivery is the popular service as platform to order food and beverage. These applications give an ease on customer to buy food and beverage. GoFood is the most frequent online food delivery that is being used in Indonesia. South Jakarta is the metropolitan city that is being the lifestyle compass of the young folks, especially gen z that is influenced by globalization. Gen Z is the most familiar generation with online food delivery as digital native. It’s important to learn the influence of value and providing future claims of prior research which stated that trust doesn’t have ant effect on customer’s loyalty. Research Methods: Samples that are successfully being drawn are 100 respondents with purposive snowball sampling method in South Jakarta. Data analysis method that is being used in this research is Spearman’s Rank and mediation analysis with bootstrapping technique of PROCESS with SPSS 25 application. Finding/Results: The result of this study is being supported with primary data using questionnaire. The result can be elaborated this way: (1) rational perceived value correlates with customer’s satisfaction; (2) trust correlates with customer’s satisfaction; (3) rational perceived value correlates with customer’s loyality; (4) trust influences customer’s loyality; (5) customer’s satisfaction influences customer’s loyality; (6) rational perceived value influences customer’s loyality through customer’s satisfaction; (7) trust influences customer’s loyality through customer’s satisfaction. Conclusion: Rational perceived value and trust have a strong position in marketing world, especially in yielding customer’s satisfaction and customer’s loyalty. The model proposed in this study is enough to explain the influence of rational perceived value and trust towards customer’s loyalty, either directly or indirectly through customer’s satisfaction.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmad Amanatunnawfal Ammar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Digital Marketing, Location, and Electronic Word of Mouth on Subsidized Housing Purchase Decisions in Deli Serdang Regency
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study aims to analyze the influence of digital marketing, location, and electronic word of mouth (eWOM) on purchasing decisions for subsidized housing in Deli Serdang Regency. Background Problems: Although subsidized housing plays an important role in providing affordable housing for low-income communities in Indonesia, consumer purchasing decisions are influenced not only by price and mortgage schemes but also by access to information, perceived location advantages, and recommendations from other consumers through digital media. A comprehensive understanding of how these factors collectively influence purchase decisions remains necessary. Research Methods: This research employs a quantitative approach using multiple linear regression analysis. The population consists of consumers and potential buyers of subsidized housing in Deli Serdang Regency. A total of 51 respondents were selected using proportional random sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed online using a Likert scale. Finding/Results: Digital marketing, location, and electronic word of mouth have a positive and significant influence on purchasing decisions, both partially and simultaneously. Among the three variables, location has the most dominant influence on purchasing decisions. Conclusion: These findings suggest that housing developers need to optimize digital marketing strategies, ensure strategic housing locations, and maintain positive online consumer reviews in order to increase consumer trust and purchasing decisions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Wagianto Wagianto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effects of Teamwork, Competence, and Motivation Effects on Performance Effectiveness with Parent Satisfaction Mediation at Batari School Medan
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study aims to examine the effects of teamwork, competence, and work motivation on the performance effectiveness of educational staff at Batari School Medan. This topic is important because improving the quality of educational services largely depends on optimal human resource performance and the support of internal organizational factors. Background Problems: The research problem addressed in this study is how teamwork, competence, and work motivation affect the performance effectiveness of educational staff, as well as the role of parent satisfaction in this relationship. Research Methods: This study employs a quantitative approach using the Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) method. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to educational staff at Batari School Medan. The data were analyzed using SmartPLS to assess validity, reliability, and the relationships among variables in the research model. Finding/Results: The results show that teamwork, competence, and work motivation have a positive and significant effect on performance effectiveness. However, parent satisfaction does not act as a mediating variable in this relationship. This is because the effects of the independent variables on parent satisfaction are not significant, thus failing to meet the requirements for mediation. Conclusion: In conclusion, parent satisfaction is better positioned as an outcome variable of performance effectiveness rather than as a mediating variable. This study implies that improving internal organizational factors should focus on directly enhancing performance, which ultimately leads to increased parent satisfaction.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dahlia Deodora Sinaga https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Leadership, Work Discipline, and Work Environment on Employee Performance at Pangkalbalam District, Pangkalpinang City, Bangka Belitung Islands Province
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study examines the determinants of employee performance in a government sub-district office, focusing on leadership, work discipline, and work environment as key antecedents within the context of Pangkalbalam District, Pangkalpinang City. Background Problems: Employee performance at Pangkalbalam District has declined, indicated by reduced service quality, low punctuality, and increasing unexcused absences. Preliminary observations suggest ineffective leadership, deteriorating discipline, and an uncomfortable non-physical work environment. The research questions examine how leadership, work discipline, and work environment individually and simultaneously influence employee performance. Research Methods: A quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design was employed. Primary data were collected using structured Likert-scale questionnaires distributed to all 30 employees (saturated sampling). Multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS was conducted, supplemented by classical assumption tests (normality, heteroscedasticity, multicollinearity). Finding/Results: Simultaneously, all three variables significantly influence employee performance (F = 20.397; sig = 0.000). Partially, leadership has a positive significant effect (t = 3.366; sig = 0.002), work discipline has a positive significant effect (t = 2.714; sig = 0.012), and work environment has the strongest positive significant effect (t = 5.553; sig = 0.000). The regression equation is Y = -7.718 + 0.419X₁ + 0.256X₂ + 0.787X₃. Conclusion: Leadership, work discipline, and work environment simultaneously and partially significantly influence employee performance at Pangkalbalam District. The work environment is the most dominant factor. District management should improve facilities, enforce clear disciplinary rules with fair sanctions, and develop effective leadership through personal approaches and constructive feedback.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lambok Situmorang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of the Influence of Education Costs, Quality of Educational Services, and References on Parents' Satisfaction at SD Katolik Damai, Tambora, West Jakarta
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study examines the simultaneous influence of transformational leadership, work discipline, and work motivation on employee performance in an Islamic junior high school context. Human resource quality is a key determinant of educational institution success, yet many schools face challenges in optimizing employee performance. Background Problems: Educational institutions often struggle with inconsistent work discipline, varying motivation levels, and leadership practices that do not fully encourage employee engagement. This research asks: Do transformational leadership, work discipline, and work motivation simultaneously affect employee performance at SMP Islam Gondanglegi? Research Methods: A quantitative survey method was used with saturated sampling of all 35 employees (teaching and non-teaching staff) at SMP Islam Gondanglegi, Malang Regency. Data were collected via a Likert-scale questionnaire (1–5) and analyzed using multiple linear regression, t-test, F-test, and coefficient of determination (R²) with SPSS. Finding/Results: The results indicate that transformational leadership, work discipline, and work motivation each have a positive and significant partial effect on employee performance (t-count > t-table, p < 0.05). Simultaneously, the three variables explain 72.4% of the variance in employee performance (F-count = 27.84, p < 0.001; adjusted R² = 0.724). Conclusion: Effective transformational leadership, strong work discipline, and continuous motivation significantly improve employee performance in social-based educational institutions. School management should implement leadership strategies and policies that foster engagement and professional development.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hermina Agho https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Transformational Leadership, Work Discipline, and Motivation in Improving Employee Performance at SMP Islam Gondanglegi, Malang Regency
Copyright (c) 2026 Sadiyah Sadiyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Work Discipline, Training, and Competence on Employee Performance at PT REI Sistem Indonesia Group
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study examines the determinants of employee performance in a management system consulting company, focusing on work discipline, training, and competence as key antecedents within the context of PT REI Sistem Indonesia Group in Bekasi City. Background Problems: Employee performance is critical for organizational success, yet PT REI Sistem Indonesia Group faces challenges in optimizing productivity. Preliminary observations indicate varying levels of discipline, training effectiveness, and employee competence. The research questions examine how work discipline, training, and competence individually and simultaneously influence employee performance. Research Methods: A quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design was employed. Primary data were collected using structured Likert-scale questionnaires distributed to all 33 employees (saturated sampling). Multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS was conducted, supplemented by classical assumption tests (normality, heteroscedasticity, multicollinearity). Finding/Results: Simultaneously, all three variables significantly influence employee performance (F = 8.947; sig = 0.000; R² = 0.475). Partially, competence has a positive significant effect (t = 4.237; sig = 0.000), while work discipline (t = 0.849; sig = 0.403) and training (t = 1.128; sig = 0.268) show no significant effects. The regression equation is Y = 8.421 + 0.089X₁ + 0.124X₂ + 0.512X₃. Conclusion: Work discipline, training, and competence simultaneously have a significant effect on employee performance at PT REI Sistem Indonesia Group. However, partially only competence significantly influences performance. The company should continuously develop employee competence through sustainable human resource development programs, while evaluating disciplinary systems and training effectiveness
Copyright (c) 2026 Arifuddin S. Koto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Study on the Integration of Solar Energy and IoT in a Smart Parcel Drop Box as a Model for Sustainable Green Technology Application
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study assesses the integration of solar energy technology with the Internet of Things (IoT) in designing an energy-efficient and eco-friendly Smart Parcel Drop Box (SPDB) system. The rise of e-commerce has led to parcel loss, damages, and poor delivery reception, while existing automation systems rely on grid electricity, increasing operational costs and carbon footprints. Background Problems: Most automated parcel systems remain grid-dependent, causing high expenses and environmental harm. This research addresses the need for a self-operational, energy-efficient solar smart delivery system that reduces grid reliance and supports Malaysia’s National Green Technology Policy 2030, SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), and SDG 13 (Climate Action). Research Methods: A prototype was designed using an ESP32 microcontroller, infrared (IR) sensors, a 1602 LCD display, and the Blynk IoT platform. The energy source was a 30W (12V) monocrystalline solar panel connected to a 12V 7Ah battery via a charge controller. A 14-day field test measured energy generation, consumption, operational efficiency, and battery voltage stability. Finding/Results: The solar panel produced 0.15 kWh/day, while the IoT system consumed 0.049 kWh/day, achieving 32.6% efficiency. Monthly savings per unit were RM22.80, reducing CO₂ emissions by 34.2 kg/year per unit. For 100 community units, annual emission reduction reaches 3.42 tons CO₂. Conclusion: The SPDB system demonstrates that solar-integrated IoT automation is a powerful sustainable green technology model. It enhances parcel security, reduces grid dependency, saves costs, and supports national and global sustainability goals. Future improvements include dual-sided panels, lithium batteries, and integration with Smart Campus initiatives.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nur Rafiqah Rosly, Noor Haslyena Hassan, Mohamad Shahril Ibrahim, Noor Mayafaraniza Kosnan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Beyond the Books: How Basic Accounting Knowledge Shapes Student Leisure Spending and Budgeting
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study examines whether specialized academic training in basic accounting principles transfers into superior personal financial management among emerging adults, specifically focusing on leisure spending, budgeting, and handling unexpected costs. Background Problems: A persistent financial knowledge-behaviour gap exists where young adults possess financial knowledge but fail to practice responsible financial behaviour. The research question is: Do accounting students demonstrate significantly better financial behaviour in spending control, budget preparation, and contingency planning compared to general business studies students? Research Methods: A quantitative comparative design was employed using self-administered online surveys (Google Forms) with 232 commerce department diploma students (Diploma in Accountancy, n=103; Diploma in Business Studies, n=129; aged 19-25). Independent samples t-tests were conducted to compare mean scores across three financial behaviour constructs. Finding/Results: Accounting students showed significantly more responsible spending habits (Mean=3.921) than business studies students (Mean=3.692; p=0.001). However, no significant differences were found for budget preparation (p=0.062) or managing hidden costs/unexpected expenses (p=0.091). Conclusion: Basic accounting knowledge specifically improves discretionary spending control but does not automatically enhance broader budgeting competencies or contingency planning. Accounting educators should informally integrate personal budgeting and emergency fund concepts into existing curricula to close remaining behavioural gaps.
Copyright (c) 2026 Suraya binti Yope Yahya, Siti Amelia binti Shaik Pawan Chee, Rahmah binti Longin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0