A Study on the Integration of Solar Energy and IoT in a Smart Parcel Drop Box as a Model for Sustainable Green Technology Application
Keywords:
Solar Energy, Internet of Things (IoT), Smart Parcel Drop Box, green technology, sustainable logisticsAbstract
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study assesses the integration of solar energy technology with the Internet of Things (IoT) in designing an energy-efficient and eco-friendly Smart Parcel Drop Box (SPDB) system. The rise of e-commerce has led to parcel loss, damages, and poor delivery reception, while existing automation systems rely on grid electricity, increasing operational costs and carbon footprints.
Background Problems: Most automated parcel systems remain grid-dependent, causing high expenses and environmental harm. This research addresses the need for a self-operational, energy-efficient solar smart delivery system that reduces grid reliance and supports Malaysia’s National Green Technology Policy 2030, SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), and SDG 13 (Climate Action).
Research Methods: A prototype was designed using an ESP32 microcontroller, infrared (IR) sensors, a 1602 LCD display, and the Blynk IoT platform. The energy source was a 30W (12V) monocrystalline solar panel connected to a 12V 7Ah battery via a charge controller. A 14-day field test measured energy generation, consumption, operational efficiency, and battery voltage stability.
Finding/Results: The solar panel produced 0.15 kWh/day, while the IoT system consumed 0.049 kWh/day, achieving 32.6% efficiency. Monthly savings per unit were RM22.80, reducing CO₂ emissions by 34.2 kg/year per unit. For 100 community units, annual emission reduction reaches 3.42 tons CO₂.
Conclusion: The SPDB system demonstrates that solar-integrated IoT automation is a powerful sustainable green technology model. It enhances parcel security, reduces grid dependency, saves costs, and supports national and global sustainability goals. Future improvements include dual-sided panels, lithium batteries, and integration with Smart Campus initiatives.
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